Table of Content

30 July 2014, Volume 29 Issue 7

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Orignal Article

Clinical application of the HE4, CA125 and CYFRA21-1 combined detection in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumor

TIAN Feng,YI Menglu,QI Suwen,WANG Linxian

2014, 29(7):  697-700.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.001

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Objective　To investigate the clinical significance of human epididymis 4（HE4）， carbohydrate antigen 125（CA125） and cytokeratin-19-fragment（CYFRA21-1） combined detection in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumor. Methods　The sera of 85 patients with malignant ovarian tumor， 85 patients with benign ovarian tumor and 85 healthy women（healthy control group） were collected. The serum levels of HE4 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The serum levels of CA125 and CYFRA21-1 were determined by chemiluminescence assay. The results of the 3 biomarkers were analyzed comparatively in different groups， and the positive rates of the 3 individual detections and the combined detection were analyzed. Results　Serum HE4， CA125 and CYFRA21-1 levels in malignant ovarian tumor group were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor group and healthy control group（P＜0.01）. The positive rates of HE4， CA125， CYFRA21-1 and the combined detection of the 3 biomarkers were 88.24%， 74.12%， 77.65% and 98.82%， respectively. Conclusions　The combined detection of HE4， CA125 and CYFRA21-1 shows the good auxiliary diagnosis significance for malignant ovarian tumor.

Distribution and clinical correlation research of hepatitis B virus genotypes of patients in Tongling area

WENG Wei,TANG Jibin,SONG Xiaofei,ZHANG Sheng,PAN Xiaolong,SONG Youliang

2014, 29(7):  701-704.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.002

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Objective　To understand the distribution of genotypes in Tongling area， to analyze the relationship of different genotypes with liver function damage， virus  replication and serum markers， and to investigate the clinical significance of different genotypes. Methods　Polymerase chain reaction（PCR）-reverse dot blot RDB） was used to determine hepatitis B virus（HBV） genotypes， HBV load， serum markers of hepatitis B and liver function among 228 patients infected with HBV in Tongling area. The correlation analysis was performed with other parameters. Results　In 228 serum samples， 226 samples were successfully genotyped， including 54.4% B type（124/228）， 37.3% C type（85/228） and 7.5% B/C hybrid type（17/228）， and 2 cases（0.09%） were not detected. Differences between different HBV genotypes and age， e antigen（HBeAg）， anti-e antigen antibody（anti-HBe） and liver function had no statistical significance（P＞0.05）. The C type HBV load was significantly higher than those of B type and B/C hubrid type（P＜0.01）. Conclusions　The distribution of HBV genotypes in Tongling area is dominated by B type， followed by C type and a small amount of B/C hybrid type. C type infected patients′ HBV load is significantly higher than that of B type. The liver damage of patients with C type is more serious than that of B type， which prompts that HBV genotypes may influence on in vivo HBV replication and may cause chronic liver disease of different clinical types.

Investigation of HCV co-infection among HIV-1 infected patients in the South of Anhui

XIAO Minmin,WANG Yi,SHAO Hui,ZHANG Yan,LI Ping

2014, 29(7):  705-707.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.003

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Objective　To investigate the ratio of hepatitis C virus（HCV） co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）-1 and the impact of HCV co-infection on CD4⁺ T cell counts in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods　HCV-Ab was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， and HCV-RNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction（PCR） with serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell（PBMC）. Results　Among 234 HIV-1 infected patients， the infection through sex accounted for 83.7%（male gay sex for 48.7% and heterosexual contact for 35.0%）， drug addiction for 4.2%， inpatient for 2.6% and maternal-neonatal transmission for 2.1%. The percentage of HCV-Ab positive was 12.8%（30/234）， that of serum HCV-RNA was 11.5%（27/234）， which 26 cases were HCV-Ab positive and 1 case was HCV-Ab negative， while the serum HCV-RNA content was 3.60×10³copies/mL， and 14 cases were HCV-RNA positive in PBMC accounting for 6.0%， thus the ratio of HCV co-infection was 13.2% as a total. The average counts of CD4⁺ T cell among HIV-1 HCV infection and single HIV-1 infection were 322 cells/mL and 477 cells/mL. Conclusions　The ratio of HIV-1 HCV co-infection was 13.2% in the South of Anhui， and the determination of HCV during screening HIV-1 infection may help with the early diagnosis and treatment of HCV， and the detection of HCV-RNA with PBMC should be taken attention.

Analysis on the infection status of human papilloma virus in women with different ages

YAO Rongfeng,ZHAO Xuhong,LI Zhi,XUE Long,XU Guoxiang

2014, 29(7):  708-711.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.004

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Objective　To investigate the infection status of human papilloma virus（HPV） in women with different ages， and to provide the theory reference for preventing
and treating cervical cancer. Methods　Totally 3 426 samples of cervical secretions were determined for HPV DNA subtypes by multi-channel real-time fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction（PCR）. HPV DNA subtypes included 8 high risk types（HPV16， 18， 45， 31， 33， 52， 58 and 67）. The infection status of HPV in women with different ages was analyzed. Results　The 583 samples among the 3 426 cases were HPV positive， and the positive rate was 17.02%. HPV infection mainly distributed among women with 19-40 years old. In women with 19-30 years old， the HPV positive rate was 20.37%， which was higher than
those with other ages（P＜0.05）. There were subtype infection and multi-subtype infection. The most common subtypes were HPV33/52/58/67（59.01%）， HPV16（14.92%） and HPV18/45（9.43%）. Conclusions　The 19-30 years old is the peak period of HPV infection， but the HPV infection rate in middle aged and elder women is still high， and there is an increasing trend in young women. The most common HPV infection genotypes were HPV33/52/58/67， HPV16 and HPV18/45 with the population distribution characteristic of HPV genotype among women.

Clinical significance on the detection of serum methylated tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 gene in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

ZHU Liyue,GUAN Ming,KANG Zhihua,GAO Jianping,WENG Lizhen,ZHANG Li,HU Leiguang

2014, 29(7):  712-717.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.005

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Objective　Through the detection of serum and tissue methylated tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2（TFPI-2） gene， to investigate its clinical significance as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods　A total of 32 gastric cancer patients and 29 atrophic gastritis patients were enrolled， and 32 healthy subjects including superficial gastritis were enrolled as control group. Methylated TFPI-2 gene was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction（MSP）. Carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 199（CA199） were determined by electrochemiluminescence  immunoassay. Results　The positive rates of methylated TFPI-2 gene in tissue were 53.13% in gastric cancer group， 37.93% in atrophic gastritis group and 3.33% in control group. Tissue methylated TFPI-2 gene was significantly higher in gastric cancer group than in control group（P＜0.05）. The positive rates of methylated TFPI-2 gene in serum were 28.13% in gastric cancer group， 6.90% in atrophic gastritis group， but none in control group. Serum methylated TFPI-2 gene was significantly higher in gastric cancer group than in atrophic gastritis group（P＜0.05） and in control group（P＜0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of serum methylated TFPI-2 gene for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 28.13% and 96.61%. The 37.93% positive rate was got in serum against tissue. The TFPI-2 gene methylation in serum showed no correlation with sex， age， Borrmann′ s classification， CEA and CA199 in gastric cancer group（P＞0.05）. In gastric cancer group， the positive rates of methylated TFPI-2 gene， CEA and CA199 were 28.13%， 21.88% and 18.75%， respectively. If performing the combined determination of all the 3 parameters， the positive rate was 53.13%， and the positive rate was significantly higher than those of the single determinations（P＜0.05）. Conclusions　The TFPI-2 gene methylation in serum derives from gastric cancer tissues， and it shows high specificity for the diagnosis of gastric cancer， but the sensitivity is relatively low. It can improve the sensitivity if performing the combined determination with CEA and CA199. The detection of serum TFPI-2 gene methylation has certain significance for diagnosing gastric cancer.

Clinical application of plasma Omentin-1 determination in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with lower limb vascular disease

SUN Qingyan,LI Bingyun.

2014, 29(7):  718-722.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.006

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Objective　To investigate the changes of plasma Omentin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） patients with lower limb vascular disease（LLVD） and the relationship between Omentin-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）. MethodsA total of 93 patients with T2DM were enrolled and classified into T2DM patients accompanied with LLVD（51cases， T2DM+LLVD group） and simple T2DM patients（42 cases， SDM group）， according to ankle brachial index ABI）， and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy controls（NC group）. Fasting plasma Omentin-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The relationships between plasma Omentin-1 levels， hs-CRP and other metabolic parameters were also analyzed. ResultsPlasma Omentin-1 levels were significantly higher in SDM group [（18.30±5.17）ng/mL] and T2DM+LLVD group[（12.93±4.60）ng/mL] than that in NC group[（23.94±7.08）ng/mL]（P＜0.01）. Plasma Omentin-1 levels were significantly higher in T2DM+LLVD group than that in SDM group（P＜0.01）.Plasma Omentin-1 levels in T2DM+LLVD group were negatively related to hs-CRP， systolic blood pressure（SBP）， triglyceride（TG）， fasting blood glucose（FBG）， the index of homeostasis model of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）and carotid intima-media thickness（CIMT）（r＝－0.405，－0.260，－0.148，－0.209，－0.307 and －0.419，P＝0.000，0.046，0.039，0.005，0.012 and 0.003）， and were correlated positively with ABI（r＝0.358，P＝0.007）. The hs-CRP， CIMT and ABI were the independent risk factors of plasma Omentin-1 in T2DM+LLVD group. ConclusionsPlasma Omentin-1 levels may be closely correlated with T2DM LLVD and atherosclerosis.

The serum homocysteine concentrations among women with normal pregnancy

LUO Chanzhen,WAN Bo,WU Xia,LIU Guosheng

2014, 29(7):  723-726.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.007

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Objective　To observe the maternal homocysteine（Hcy） concentrations during normal pregnancy， and to establish the reference interval of Hcy among women with normal pregnancy. Methods　A total of 942 normal pregnant women were enrolled. The relative data were collected， and they were followed up until delivery. The Hcy was detected during the first（98 pregnant women）， second（202 pregnant women）or third（642 pregnant women） trimesters of pregnancy by enzymatic cycling assay. Results　The serum Hcy concentrations among women with normal pregnancy were（7.25±2.90） μmol/L（95% reference interval 1.57-12.93 μmol/L）， including（6.87±2.78） μmol/L in the first trimester [the 75th percentile（P₇₅） 7.53 μmol/L]，（6.43±2.90） μmol/L in the second trimester（P₇₅ 7.21 μmol/L） and（7.54±2.86） μmol/L in the third trimester（P₇₅ 8.32 μmol/L）. There was statistical significance among the 3 groups（F＝12.03， P＝0.000）. There was statistical significance between the first trimester group with the second trimester group（t＝0.99， P＝0.321） and between the second trimester group with the third trimester group（t＝4.77， P＝0.000）. The Hcy concentration in the third trimester increased as（1.11±0.23） μmol/L for that in the second trimester [P＝0.000， 95% confidence interval（CI）（0.65-1.56） μmol/L]. Linearity correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation of Hcy concentration with age and gestational weeks（r＝0.14 and 0.15， P＝0.000）. There was positive correlation of Hcy concentration in the third trimester with gestational weeks（r＝0.10，P＝0.009）. Multiple factor analysis showed that age， taking folic acid and gestational weeks were main factors for Hcy concentration（F＝16.59，P＝0.000）. Conclusions　The serum Hcy concentrations among women with normal pregnancy are 6.87 μmol/L in the first trimester， 6.43 μmol/L in the second trimester and 7.54 μmol/L in the third trimester. When the serum Hcy concentration ＞7.53 μmol/L in the first trimester（P₇₅），≥7.21 μmol/L in the second trimester（P₇₅） and 8.32 μmol/L in the third trimester（P₇₅）， the pregnant women may have hyperhomocysteinemia.

The application and significance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D determination in children with community-acquired pneumonia

WANG Peng,CHEN Jiaqi,SONG Zhichun,LI Lingyun,LI Jinmei,WU Weiping

2014, 29(7):  727-726.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.008

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Objective To investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and its clinical significance in community-acquired pneumonia（CAP） children. Methods　The level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein（CRP） were determined in 66 children with CAP and 52 healthy subjects（healthy control group）by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and turbidimetry immunoassay. The children were classified into mild symptom group and intensive symptom group according to the severity of CAP. Results　The level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in CAP group[（27.05±10.93） μg/L] was obviously lower than that in healthy control group[（32.77±9.78） μg/L]（P＜0.01）. However， CRP in CAP group [（11.77 ±5.98） mg/L] was higher than that in healthy control group [（4.56 ±2.48） mg/L]（P＜0.01）. Meanwhile， the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in intensive symptom group was lower than that in mild symptom group， and the average age in intensive symptom group was elder than that in mild symptom group（P＜0.01）， but there was no statistical significance for CRP between the 2 groups（P＞0.05）. Conclusions　The lack of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be the potential role for CAP in children， and there also is a certain significance in judging the severity of disease.

Clinical significance of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity detection in pathological jaundice of neonate

ZHANG Lixia,ZOU Hongxing,LI Yongxiang,ZHOU Zhen

2014, 29(7):  730-732.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.009

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Objective　To investigate the clinical significance of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase（G6PD）activity detection in pathological jaundice of neonate. MethodsA total of 200 cases of neonatal pathological jaundice（jaundice group）and 100 healthy newborns（control group） were enrolled and detected for G6PD activity， and the Resultswere compared. On the basis of G6PD deficiency judgment standard（＜2.5 U/L）， 200 cases of neonatal pathological jaundice were classified into G6PD deficiency group and non G6PD deficiency group. The comparison of bilirubin concentration and G6PD activity between the 2 groups was performed. ResultsThe concentration of bilirubin in jaundice group was significantly higher than that in control group（P＜0.05）， but the G6PD activity in jaundice group was significantly lower than that in control group（P＜0.05）. In G6PD deficiency group， bilirubin concentration was higher than that in non G6PD deficiency group（P＜0.05）. ConclusionsG6PD deficiency is an important cause of neonatal pathological jaundice. Strengthening the monitoring of neonatal G6PD can provide the reference for clinical prevention and treatment of neonatal pathological jaundice.

Laboratory solutions for EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia

CHANG Jinghua,WANG Jianbiao.

2014, 29(7):  733-737.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.010

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Objective　To study on the laboratory solutions for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid（EDTA）-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia. Methods　A total of 5 patients with EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia were enrolled， and each blood with EDTA-K₂ anticoagulant was added to 6.5 mg/mL amikacin in different time periods. The blood routine test and blood smears were performed. Results　In 3 patients before collecting blood or collecting blood after 1.5h， its inherent EDTA anticoagulant was added amikacin， which can not affect the situation of other blood cell morphology and distribution of dissociation platelet aggregation， and the platelet count can be stable within 4h at room temperature. In the other 2 patients， with or without amikacin， the platelet count increased gradually with time and eventually returned to normal levels， and amikacin played acceleration role. Conclusions　The test results of platelet adding amikacin in 4h are stable and reliable， and the drug use of antibiotics in hospitals is general. In clinical practice， it can reduce the duplication of collecting blood and shorten turn-around-time. Amikacin should be as first-line approach in the treatment of EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia.

Hemogram and myelogram analysis on the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

SUN Rongtong,GAO Shenghai,LI Binbin,WANG Yili

2014, 29(7):  738-740.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.011

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Objective To investigate the features of hemogram and myelogram from patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome（SFTS）. Methods　The data of 30 patients confirmed as SFTS were analyzed retrospectively. Results　SFTS bunyavirus（SFTSV） infection mechanism was prone to develop leukopenia， thrombopenia， reticulocyte decreasing and atypical lymphocyte in peripheral blood. In the progression and the late stages， the patients usually had a hypocellular bone marrow with hematopoietic cell decreasing and macrophage ingestion blood cell increasing. Conclusions　Hemogram and myelogram analysis is very important for the diagnosis and prognosis of SFTS.

Correlation analysis of SYSMEX XE-5000 hematology analyzer in counting platelet

ZHANG Weihong,CHEN Bin,CAI Mengshan,LI Jieqiu,CHEN Yingzi,HUANG Lesheng

2014, 29(7):  741-744.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.012

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Objective　To investigate the accuracy of platelet（PLT） counting which was influenced by erythrocyte fragments（FRC）， red blood cell volume（MCV）， PLT parameters [platelet distribution width（PDW）， platelet-larger cell ratio（P-LCR） and platelet hematocrit（PCT）] and immature platelets（IPF） by SYSMEX XE-5000 hematology analyzer（XE-5000）. Methods　The 200 samples with no FRC were analyzed by XE-5000， and were classified into 4 groups and each group of 50 cases: A1 group（MCV＜60 fL）， B1 group（60 fL≤MCV＜70 fL）， C1 group（70 fL≤MCV＜80 fL） and D1 group（MCV ≥ 80 fL）， respectively. The samples with FRC of different concentrations and MCV ≥70 fL were classified into 2 groups and each group of 40 cases: A2 group（0.1%≤FRC≤0.99%） and B2 group（FRC≥1.0%）， respectively. The samples of 50 cases with no FRC， MCV≥70 fL and PLT parameters（PDW， PCT and P-LCR） showed "-"（C2 group） were chosen. PLT counting was performed in the 330 cases and determined for microscopy by electrical impedance analysis， optics and manual method. One case of naive patients with thrombocythemia was continuously observed for 5 d by electrical impedance analysis， optics and manual method. Results　There were significant differences between electrical impedance analysis and manual method from A1， A2， B1， B2 and C2 groups（P＜0.05）. It showed no statistical significance between electrical impedance analysis and manual method from C1 and D1 groups（P＞0.05）. It showed no statistical significance between optics and manual method from A1， B1， C1， D1， A2， B2 and C2 groups（P＞0.05）. One case of naive patients with thrombocythemia was continuously observed for 5 d by the 3 methods， respectively. The results of electrical impedance analysis were less than those of optics and manual method. The results of manual method were relatively stable， and the results of electrical impedance analysis and optics increased with the mature of PLT. There existed giant PLT by microscopy. Conclusions　When the samples of MCV ＜70 fL， FRC and PLT parameters shows "-" by XE-5000， and it should be measured by optics and smear microscopy. While the specimens with high IPF and many giant PLT under microscopy， they should be detected by manual method.

Application and evaluation of real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR in rapid determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

QIAO Yun,ZHAO Yingmei,ZHONG Jun,ZHANG Jue,GONG Jiewen

2014, 29(7):  745-749.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.013

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Objective　To evaluate the clinical application significance of real-time fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction（PCR） in rapid determination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）. Methods　Among 70 cultured and identified samples of known bacteria， 22 samples were MRSA， 48 samples were not. In order to find out the specificity and sensitivity of the method， the known bacteria were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR. In order to detect the carrying condition of nosocomial MRSA， the nasal swabs of 88 clinical medical staff and patients were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR. Results　All of the cultured MRSA determined by real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR were MRSA， and the sensitivity was 100%. All of the cultured non-MRSA determined by real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR were not MRSA either， and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of determining MRSA by real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR can be confirmed as 1×10³ cfu/mL. Among 48 nasal swabs of patients， 26 samples were mecA gene positive， 28 samples were Staphylococcus aureus positive， 20 samples were both positive simultaneously（which were MRSA）， and the positive rate of MRSA was 41.6%. Among 40 nasal swabs of clinical medical staff， 12 samples were mecA gene positive， 13 samples were Staphylococcus aureus positive， 9 samples were both positive  imultaneously（which were MRSA）， and the positive rate of MRSA was 22.5%. Conclusions　Real-time fluorescence quantitation PCR can be used for the rapid determination of MRSA.

Study on the relationship between K143Q amino acid substitution in 14α-demethylase and fluconazole resistance to Candida albicans

LIU Jinyan,NI Peihua,SHI Ce,WEI Bing,XIANG Mingjie

2014, 29(7):  750-754.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.014

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Objective　To verify the correlation of K143Q amino acid substitution in 14α-demethylase and fluconzole resistance to Candida albicans. Methods　The recombinant mutant plasmid with A427C in ERG11 gene was firstly constructed by site-directed mutagenesis， and YES2/CT yeast expression plasmid was established by digestion and ligation technique. The heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and drug susceptibility in vitro were performed to analyze the correlation of K143Q amino acid substitution with resistance to fluconazole. Results　The antifungal drug susceptibility test in vitro showed that the constructed plasmid with amino acid substitution transferred in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 contributed to increase in fluconazole minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC） for 16 times. Conclusions　The K143Q contributes to increase the resistance to fluconazole in Candida albicans clinical isolates.

ERIC-PCR typing and main drug resistance mechanism in 75 isolates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ZHANG Yong,LIU Aisheng,WEN Yan

2014, 29(7):  755-759.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.015

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Objective To investigate the homology and main drug resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods　A total of 946 samples were collected， and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The drug sensitivity of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by agar dilution test. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction（ERIC-PCR） was performed to analyze homology. The isolates were screened by metallo-beta-lactamae. The efflux pump of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenem antibiotics was detected by efflux pump inhibitor test. Results　A total of 75 isolates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The ERIC-PCR homology analysis showed 8 types， in which A-type and B-type were the main types， accounting for 34.7%（26 isolates） and 22.7%（17 isolates）， respectively. In the 75 isolates resistant to carbapenems， 13 isolates were positive in metal enzyme test， accounting for 17.3%. MC207110 efflux pump inhibitor could make the minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC） of meropenem in 34 isolates being resistant to meropenem decreasing by 4 times or more， compared with single drug therapy， accounting for 63.0%. Conclusions　There are mainly 2 kinds of cloning existing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa being resistant to carbapenem. The production of metallo-beta-lactamase and multi-drug resistant efflux system play important roles in the drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The expression and relation studies of Survivin and c-myc in renal cell carcinoma tissue

ZHANG Zerong,ZHAO Junling,GU Danjin,LIU Jun,YANG Lei

2014, 29(7):  760-763.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.016

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Objective　To study the expressions of Survivin and c-myc in renal cell carcinoma tissue and their clinical significance. Methods　By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western-blot， the expressions of Survivin and c-myc were determined in 34 renal cell carcinoma specimens. The relationship of the 2 genes and clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed. Results　The expressions of Survivin and c-myc in renal cell carcinoma tissue were higher than those in normal tissues with statistical significance（P＜0.01）. The expression of Survivin was significantly related to the clinical stage and lymphonode metastasis（P＜0.05）. The expression of c-myc was significantly related to the degrees of pathological differentiation（P＜0.05）.The expression of Survivin in renal cell carcinoma tissue was positively related to the expression of c-myc（r=0.446， P＜0.01）. Conclusions　The overexpression of Survivin and c-myc could have important roles in the carcinogenesis and development of renal cell carcinoma.

EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with tumor

SUN Dongxun,CAI Zhiyi.

2014, 29(7):  768-773.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.018

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Epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（PKB，or Akt） signaling pathway is a very important survival signaling pathway. EGFR dimerization pattern can stimulate Ras protein， which leads to a cascade of phosphorylation and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， and then leads to the occurence of tumors.This review summarizes the relationship between EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor by analyzing the function of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Research progress on molecular pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance

ZHANG Yan,CHEN Xiaoting,SONG Huizhu,QI Zhigang

2014, 29(7):  774-777.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.07.019

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Insulin resistance（IR） is defined as a pathophysiological condition in which normal insulin concentration does not adequately produce a normal insulin response in target tissues. It is well established that obesity and body fat distribution are associated with the increasing rate of IR. Obesity is a common cause of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases， and often precedes the onset of hyperglycemia and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on IR. Free fatty acids（FFA）， inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the development and progression of IR induced by obesity.