Table of Content

20 February 2014, Volume 29 Issue 2

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The significance of serum anti-carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ and Ⅲ auto-antibody determination in patients with congestive heart failure

LIU Chengeng, XIA Ming, WANG Jinling, LI Lei, WANG Peichang

2014, 29(2):  97-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.001

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Objective To determine serum anti-carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ and Ⅲ auto-antibodies, the level of antioxidants and cytokines in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) by established methods, and to evaluate primarily the clinical significance. Methods The serum anti-carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ and Ⅲ auto-antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), the levels of 5 kinds of cytokines [like interleukin 2 (IL-2)] and 5 kinds of antioxidants [like superoxide dismutase (SOD)] from 58 patients with CHF in recent 3 months to 1 year were determined.Results The level of serum anti-carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ auto-antibody in CHF patients was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The levels of SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in CHF patients were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while methanedicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance on the levels of interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) between CHF patients and control group (P>0.05), while IL-2 and interleukin 17(IL-17) levels were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions There may be autoimmune phenomenon in CHF patients. IL-2, IL-17 and antioxidant capacity may be used as the markers for the diagnosis of anti-carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ auto-antibody.

Analysis on the blood culture results of 2 044 blood and body fluid specimens of inpatients from a hospital in Shanghai from January to May, 2011

ZHAO Yiwen, ZHU Zhaoqin, CAI Jinfeng, CHEN Haili, WANG Moying, HU Yunwen, ZHANG Jun, ZAI Shubei.

2014, 29(2):  100-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.002

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Objective To analyze and monitor the distribution trend of bacterium strains in blood cultures for blood and body fluid specimens in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, and to evaluate the false positive / false negative detection results of automated blood culture analyzer. Methods A total of 2 044 blood culture results of different clinical blood and body fluid specimens from January to May, 2011 were collected. Specimens were cultured and identified byMéliès automated blood culture analyzer and identification board. The results were analyzed.Results Different specimens had different positive rates. The puncture fluid specimens had the highest bacterium culture positive rate (38.10%), followed by blood specimens (30.74%). The 231 bacterium strains were isolated. The total positive rate was 11.30%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most, accounting for 41.13%, followed by fungi (18.18%) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.87%). Conclusions The bacterium identification and distribution of the blood and body fluidspecimens and the analysis of pathogens and contaminative bacteria will help for guiding the clinical treatment and prevention of sepsis.

Research on IL-8, IL-17 and MMP-9 levels among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high altitude area

ZHU Yan, YANG Yan

2014, 29(2):  104-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.003

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Objective To investigate interleukin 8(IL-8), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) levels among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in high altitude area. Methods By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among COPD patients in acute exacerbation and remission and healthy subjects, the serum IL-8, IL-17 and MMP-9 levels were determined, analyzed and compared statistically.Results The IL-8, IL-17 and MMP-9 levels in COPD patients in acute exacerbation [(9.16±2.91), (12.48±2.12) and (4.89±0.99) ng/L] and remission[(6.53±1.96), (5.76±1.98) and (3.24±0.97) ng/L] were higher than those in healthy controls, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Those in acute exacerbation were significantly higher than those in remission. Conclusions The determinations of IL-8, IL-17 and MMP-9 levels can be used as the theory indices of COPD diagnosis in high altitude area.


Study on hepatitis virus infections of 2 812 pregnant women during late pregnancy in Qingshan area of Wuhan city

WANG Qiang, XIA Jie, XIE Yuewen.

2014, 29(2):  106-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.004

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Objective To study the hepatitis virus infections of 2 812 pregnant women during late pregnancy in Qingshan area of Wuhan city. Methods By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the hepatitis A virus(HAV), hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV) and hepatitis E virus(HEV) seromarkers were determined among the pregnant women during late pregnancy. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA) was used to determine the level of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg). Results There were 210 cases (7.47%) of HBsAg positive, 11 cases (0.39%) of anti-HCV positive, 6 cases (0.21%) of anti-HAV IgM positive, 11 cases (0.39%) of anti-HEV IgM positiveand 422 cases (15.01%) of anti-HEV IgG positive. Conclusions In pregnant women during late pregnancy, HBV infections should be paid more attention, and the determination of hepatitis virus infection seromarkers has an important significance.

Genotype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Mongolian in Ordos

WANG Yanhai, DUAN Baosheng, BA Teer, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Na.

2014, 29(2):  110-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.005

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Objective To investigate the molecular prevalence characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Mongolian in Ordos, and to investigate the genotypes and distribution pattern of MRSA isolates. Methods A total of 54 MRSA isolates were collected from January 2009 to August 2011.The multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to determine Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genotypes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene(pvl) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of MRSA isolates. Results The main SCCmec Ⅰ-Ⅴ genotypes of MRSA isolates, accounted for 0.00%, 50.00%, 46.30%, 1.85% and 1.85%, respectively. The pvl gene had been discovered in only 1 isolate. Among 24 MRSA isolates, MLST results showed that 13 isolates were ST239(54.17%), 9 isolates were ST5(37.50%), 1 isolate was ST59 (4.17%), and 1 isolate was ST7 (4.17%). Conclusions The main genotypes of MRSA are SCCmec Ⅱ and SCCmec Ⅲ from Mongolian in Ordos.

Analysis of pathogenic fungi causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in infertility women

TANG Xiaohua, JIANG Jingquan, YE Junkai, CAI Yuanyuan, XIA Yong.

2014, 29(2):  115-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.006

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Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic fungi causing vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) in infertility women, and provide the reference for clinical treatment. Methods The CHROMagar Candida color medium was applied to identify Candida isolated from the vaginal secretions collected from infertility women, and Rosco disc diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility.Results A total of 86 Candida isolates were isolated from 454 vaginal secretion samples, including 48 isolates of Candida albicans(55.81%), 24 isolates of Candida glabrata(27.91%), 8 isolates of Candida tropicalis (9.30%), 4 isolates of Candida krusei (4.65%) and 2 isolates of Candida parapsilosis (2.33%). The sensitivity rates of Candida isolates to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, miconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole were 93.55%, 77.91%, 65.12%, 62.79% and 59.30% respectively. Conclusions The non-Candida albicans infection in infertility women with VVC increases obviously, and the drug sensitivities of different types of Candida isolates are different. Therefore, antibiotic drugs should be carefully used being based on the results of fungal culture identification and drug sensitivity test.

Investigation on the correlation of serum ox-LDL level with ultrasound image for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

HU Kesheng, MA Yanhua, LIU Lianhong, LI Wei, LUO Jianxiang

2014, 29(2):  118-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.007

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Objective To investigate the correlation of serum oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) with metabolism parameters in different graded nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) patients. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of serum ox-LDL of 79 NAFLD patients and 23 healthy controls, and the liver functions, metabolism parameters and serum homocysteine (Hcy) were determined simultaneously. By ultrasound image as the diagnostic standard, NAFLD patients were classified into mild (40 cases), moderate (25 cases) and severe (14 cases) fatty liver groups. The correlation of ox-LDL with other parameters and fatty liver infiltration grade was analyzed. Results Alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E, Hcy, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, fibronectin and ox-LDL were significantly higher in NAFLD group than in healthy control group(P<0.05). Serum ox-LDL levels in mild fatty liver group were significantly lower than those in moderate fatty liver group and severe fatty liver group(P<0.05). Serum ox-LDL was positively correlated with Hcy, uric acid and total bile acid levels [correlation coefficients (r)=0.375, 0.369 and 0.395; P=0.007, 0.013 and 0.029], and was positively correlated with fatty liver infiltration grade (r＝0.410, P＝0.011). Conclusions The serum ox-LDL level in NAFLD patients increases with the increasing of fatty liver infiltration grade, and ox-LDL is an important factor in liver function impairment and fatty liver disease progression.

Research on relationship between the levels of serum retinol binding protein 4 and oxidized-low density lipoprotein in children with nephrotic syndrome

NIU Dongmei, HONG Jun, WU Jia, SONG Jiaxi, YU Ruijie, YUAN Yunlong, WANG Junjun.

2014, 29(2):  122-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.008

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the level change of serum retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) and oxidized-low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) in children with nephrotic syndrome(NS). Methods The levels of serum RBP4 in 118 children with NS(NS group) and 45 healthy children(healthy control group) were determined respectively, the levels of ox-LDL, albumin (Alb), blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non HDL-C] andrenal function parameters [urea and creatinine (Cr)] were determined simultaneously, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results The levels of serum RBP4 in NS group [(55.88±27.36)mg/L] were significantly higher than those in healthy control group [(30.61±8.68) mg/L] (P<0.01). The levels of serum RBP4 were positively correlated with ox-LDL, TC, TG, LDL-C, non HDL-C and urea [correlation coefficient (r)=0.30, 0.35, 0.25, 0.29, 0.32 and 0.26, P<0.01].Multiple linear regression analysis found that the changes of TC(β=0.62, P<0.01), urea(β=0.26, P<0.01) and ox-LDL(β=0.20, P<0.05) influenced the 48.4％ of the change of RBP4. In addition, RBP4 was one of factors for the levels of ox-LDL in children with NS. Conclusions The levels of serum RBP4 in children with NS increase significantly, which are associated with the increase of ox-LDL, promoting the occurrence and development of NS.

Research on the parameters of oxidative stress in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia

JIANG Xingliang, LIU Sulan, YI Tingting.

2014, 29(2):  125-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.009

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Objective To observe the parameters of oxidative stress in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and to evaluate the clinical significance primarily. Methods A total of 108 HHcy patients and 106 healthy subjects (healthy control group) were enrolled for determining the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The correlations of Hcy with GSH-Px, SOD, PON1, NOS, NO and MDA were analyzed. Results The MDA level in patients with HHcy [(6.23±1.55) μmol/L] was higher than that in healthy control group [(4.14±1.13) μmol/L](P<0.01). The GSH-Px [(189.3±25.1) U/L], SOD [(77.3±20.5) NU/mL], PON1 [(133.6±23.9) kU/L], NOS [(25.3±2.9) U/mL] and NO [(68.3±10.1) μmol/L] in patients with HHcy were lower than those in healthy control group [(240.3±78.1) U/L, (89.2±24.8) NU/mL, (168.2±26.0) kU/L, (30.0±3.3) U/mL and (92.1±12.1) μmol/L] (P<0.01). The correlation of Hcy with MDA was positive, and negative with GSH-Px, SOD, PON1, NOS and NO (r＝－0.60, -0.49, -0.51, -0.43 and -0.50, P<0.01). Conclusions Oxidative stress in patients with HHcy is related with pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance, Hcy impairment NO/L-arginine system and antioxidase activity defense systems. Hcy plays a role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis by increasing the oxidative stress and decreasing the ability of antioxidation.

Observation on the characteristic of HbA_1c for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus and research on the distribution characteristic in population with normal fasting plasma glucose

LI Yuesong, XUN Xueying, WU Hongyu, PU Hongbo, CHEN Yongwei, BAO Jiandong.

2014, 29(2):  130-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.010

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Objective To observe the characteristic of glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its distribution characteristic inpopulation with normal fasting plasma glucose(FPG). Methods A total of 729 subjects with normal FPG were enrolled, and uric acid(UA), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was administered to 247 patients, including 164 cases with T2DM, 41 cases with impaired glucose tolerance, 18 cases with impaired fasting glucose and 24cases with normal glucose tolerance. HbA_1c was determined by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off point of HbA_1c and FPG for diagnosing T2DM according to the results of OGTT and clinical diagnosis. The distribution characteristics of HbA_1c with different sex and with different age in same sex were analyzed and observed comparatively.Results The cut-off point of HbA_1c for the diagnosis of T2DM was 6.36% with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.50% and 90.60% respectively, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 94.63% and 76.50% respectively, and the area under ROC curve was 0.944 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.917-0.971]. The area under ROC curve of FPG was 0.957 (95% CI:0.932-0.981), the sensitivity and specificitywere 85.90% and 93.80% when FPG>7.0 mmol/L for the diagnosis of T2DM. The HbA_1c and HDL-C in females with normal FPG were significantly higher than those in males with normal FPG (P=0.000).Hemoglobin (Hb), FPG, UA and TG in males were higher than those in females (P=0.000, 0.020, 0.000 and 0.000).HbA_1c, FPG, TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with age. After 60 years old, HbA_1c in females increased significantly, there was increasing trend of HDL-C in males, and there was decreasing tread of HDL-C in females. Conclusions The cut-off point of HbA_1c for diagnosing T2DM is 6.36% by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay. In order to avoid diabetes mellitus, elder people should monitor HbA_1c termly.

Significance of glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c and glycated albumin for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

CHENG Chen, ZHANG Yue, HE Jiangtu, XIAO Weifan, GAO Yan, LI Jing, PAN Qiuhui

2014, 29(2):  135-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.011

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Objective To evaluate the utilities of glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c(HbA_1c) and serum glycated albumin(GA) for the early monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods A total of 98 pregnant women with their estimated gestational age between 22 and 24 weeks were enrolled for GDM diagnosis using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on American Diabetes Association(ADA) criteria, and were classified into normal pregnancy group (50 cases) and GDM group (48 cases). HbA_1c and GA were also determined simultaneously, and the results were analyzed statistically and byreceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The HbA_1c and GA levels in GDM group were significantly higher than those in normal pregnancy group(P<0.01). The area under ROC curve of HbA_1c was 0.954±0.020 at the cut-off value of 5.15% with sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 92.0%. The area under ROC curve of GA was 0.910±0.029 at the cut-off value of 12.50% with sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 84.0%. The sensitivity was 70.8%, and the specificity was 98.0% in diagnosing GDM by the combined determination of HbA_1c and GA. Conclusions When HbA_1c>5.15% and GA>12.50%, there are high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of GDM.The combined determination of HbA_1c and GA has the significance for the diagnosis of GDM.

Investigation on the significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin on early diagnosis of acute kidney injury after adult cardiac surgery

XU Lei, XU Xiaoping, YING Chunmei.

2014, 29(2):  139-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.012

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Objective To investigate the early diagnosis significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Blood samples before and after surgery were collected from 62 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The blood samples were collected before surgery and at 6, 24 and 48 h after surgery respectively. The serum creatinine (SCr) was detected by enzymatic method.AKI was defined as diagnosis standard at SCr≥26.5 μmol/L within 48 h.There were 23 AKI patients (AKI group) and 39 patients without AKI (non AKI group). Serum NGAL and serum cystatin C(Cys C) were detected by latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry. Results Serum NGAL increased significantly at 6, 24, 48 h after surgery(P<0.01), while serum Cys C increased at 24 and 48 h after surgery in AKI group (P<0.01). There wasno statistical significance for NGAL in non AKI group before and at 6, 24 and 48 h after surgery(P>0.05).There was no statistical significance for CysC in non AKI group before and at 6 and 24 h after surgery(P>0.05).However, Cys C in non AKI group at 48 h after surgery increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum NGAL at 6 h after cardiac surgery are predictive for AKI, which is much earlier than Cys C and SCr. Serum NGAL can be used as early markers for AKI after cardiac surgery.

Methodology evaluation and biological variation research of enzymatic colorimetric assay for the determination of serum free fatty acid

LU Gang, GAO Shejun, JU Yingbo.

2014, 29(2):  143-147.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.013

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Objective To evaluate the precision and trueness of enzymatic colorimetric assay (enzymatic assay) for the determination of serum free fatty acid(FFA), and to study the between-subject and within-subject biological variations of serum FFA. Methods EP5-A2 and EP15-A were employed to evaluate the precision and trueness of serum FFA by enzymatic assay, which were published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The serum samples from 13 healthy subjects for biological variation were collected and determined for FFA once every 2 weeks over a period of 6 weeks. The between-subject and within-subject biological variations were calculated by MIXED analysis of SAS9.1 software.Results The overall mean of serum FFA was 0.796 mmol/L, and imprecisions of within-batch, between-batch, inter-day and intra-laboratory were 2.15%, 3.44%, 3.67% and 5.46%, respectively. The deviations for the 3 external quality assessment control samples were 24.20%, －0.90% and －1.50%. The between-subject and within-subject biologicalvariations were 8.43% and 19.36%, respectively. Conclusions The precision and trueness of serum FFA by enzymatic assay could meet the requirements of relevant laboratory quality control. The between-subject and within-subject biological variations have important significations for establishing laboratory accreditation and providing clinical research design′s reference.

Establishment on chemistry precipitation assay for the determination of small dense low-density lipoprotein

YU Qun, WANG Huimin, JI Huoyan, SU Jianyou, CONG Hui, GU Guohao, SHEN Guorong.

2014, 29(2):  148-152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.014

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Objective To establish a simple and rapid method for the determination of small dense low-density lipoprotein(sdLDL) by utilizing the principle of precipitation. Methods The final and most appropriate precipitation reagents were identified through comparing the separation effect of different types and different concentrations of precipitation reagents for separating serum lipoproteins. The precision, linear range and recovery rate of chemistry precipitation assay were also analyzed. Results Finally, 140 U/mL of heparin and 90 mmol/L of Mg²⁺ as the precipitation reagents were used to determine the concentrations of serum sdLDL cholesterol(sdLDL-C). The chemistry precipitation assay was linear at 0.14-1.44 mmol/L sdLDL-C, and the regression equation was Y＝1.025X－0.197, r＝0.988. The within-run coefficients of variation(CV) of high and low sdLDL-C concentration specimens were 2.83% and 3.19%, respectively, and the between-run CV were 5.49% and 6.13%. The recovery rate was 83.81%. Conclusions The chemistry precipitation assay for the determination of sdLDL has the advantages of less serum consumption, simple operation, low cost and so on. It is more suitable for clinical laboratory to determine serum sdLDL-C.

The analytical performance evaluation of BioPlex^TM 2200 automatic immunoassay analyzer for the determination of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies

ZHAO Ying, HUANG Fei, SONG Binbin, GUO Wei, PAN Baishen.

2014, 29(2):  153-157.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.015

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Objective To evaluate the analytical performance of BioPlex^TM 2200 automatic immunoassay analyzer (Bio Plex^TM 2200) for the determination of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, and assess its clinical application significance. Methods Serum samples from 65 patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA), 46 non-RA patients(31 patients with various autoimmune diseases and 15 patients with osteoarthritis)and 20 healthy subjects were collected. Their anti-CCP antibodies were determined by Bio Plex^TM 2200.The analytical performance and preliminary clinical application significance of BioPlex^TM 2200 were evaluated. The consistency was evaluated between BioPlex^TM 2200 and Roche Elecsys assay. Results The within-run and inter-day precisions of high, moderate and low concentrations of sera were 2.4% / 4.5%, 3.3% / 3.5% and 4.4%/5.6%, respectively. BioPlex^TM 2200 could be evaluated as liner in the range of 0.5-294.6 U/mL through polynomial regression analysis. The consistency between BioPlex^TM 2200 and Roche Elecsys assay was good (kappa value was 0.873). The optimal cut-off valuefor the diagnosis of anti-CCP antibodies was 2.3 U/mL by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the diagnostic sensitivity was 80.0%, and the diagnostic specificity was 98.5%. Conclusions BioPlex^TM 2200 has a good analytical performance, and it can be applied to the clinical diagnosis of RA and the monitoring of treatment efficacy.

Correlation between total IgE levels in cord blood and AICDA gene polymorphism

TANG Lin, LI Jia, DAI Huirong, LI Li.

2014, 29(2):  158-161.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.016

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Objective To investigate the correlation between total immunoglobulin E(IgE) levels in cord blood and activation-induced cytidine deaminase(AICDA) gene polymorphism. Methods Cord blood samples of 70 infants whose mothers had allergic diseases and 97 infants whose mothers had no history of allergic diseases were collected. Genomic DNA were extracted from cord blood samples, and polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) was used to detect rs2518144, rs2028373, rs11046349 sites in AICDA gene. Meantime, total IgE levels in cord blood were detectedby electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).Results There was no significant difference in distribution and allelic distribution frequencies of 3 rs2518144 genotypes (AA/AG/GG) and 3 rs11046349genotypes (TT/TG/GG) between allergic disease group and non-allergic disease group(P＞0.05).However, significant difference in genotype distribution and allelic distribution frequencies of 3 rs2028373genotypes (AA/AG/GG) between the 2 groups was detected(P=0.020 and 0.006). The genotyps of rs2518144, rs2028373 and rs11046349 sites were not related with total IgE levels(P＞0.05). Conclusions rs2028373 gene polymorphism is significantly correlated with allergic diseases, but the genotypes of rs2518144, rs2028373 and rs11046349 sites are not correlated with total IgE levels.

Analysis on the external quality assessment results for creatinine, uric acid and urea of Shanghai clinical laboratories in 2012

JIN Zhonggan, JU Yi, TANG Liping, WANG Meijuan.

2014, 29(2):  162-168.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.017

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Objective To analyze the external quality assessment(EQA) results for kidney function indices of Shanghai clinical laboratories in 2012, to understand the status of creatinine(Cr), uric acid(UA) and urea(UN) determinations, and to provide the experimental data for standardization. Methods A total of 10 different concentrations of control materials were distributed to Shanghai laboratories for the routine chemical EQA. Data was classified into different groups, according to the instruments. The means(x), standard deviation(s)and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each group after eliminating outliers.Results In EQA results, the CVamong laboratories of Cr, UA and UN were 1.30%-12.73%, 1.06%-6.78% and 1.55%-8.79%, respectively for different groups. The lowest variation of Cr was in Import 1 group. The range of CV was 1.70%-5.15% in detecting (46-574) μmol/L of Cr. The lowest variation of UA was in Import 3 group. The range of CV was 1.49%-2.19% in detecting (132-550) μmol/L of UA. The lowest variation of UN was in Import 2 group. The range of CV was 1.55%-2.74% in detecting (3.15-18.13) mmol/L of UN. Conclusions The determination performance of Cr needs to be further improved in Shanghai laboratories. The determination performance of homemade instruments remains to be further improved in terms of equipment. It is needed to strengthen the laboratory quality management to gradually achieve the mutual recognition of test results and to provide the reliable diagnosis and treatment references.

The functions of c-jun, c-fos and BCL-2A genes and the influence of lead on them

LIU Kangsheng, CAO Xiaoli, ZHONG Tianying, LI Xiling, GU Pingqing.

2014, 29(2):  174-177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.020

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Immediate-early genes (IEG) are one of the proto-oncogene families which can be induced by second messenger genes, belonging to the rapidly induced genes when treated with static cell mitogen. Such as c-fos and c-jun, which can be activated by second messenger, can produce the coupling effect of the short-term effects of extracellular signals and the long-term changes of cell function. These genes are firstly expressed after external stimuli, are the mediator linking cell biochemical changes to cell eventually specifically reacting to stimuli. IEGs encode the specific DNA binding proteins, affect the rate of transcription of target genes, involve in the intracellular signal transmission, and convert transient signals into long-time course reaction. Therefore, IEGs are considered as the third messengers. Currently, IEGs mainly include c-fos and c-jun family, c-myc and egr families. The expression of IEGs is related to the synaptic activity, and plays an important role in formation of long-term memory and consolidation of neural mechanisms. Studies have demonstrated that the expression of many IEGs has a very important role in consolidation of memory and neural plasticity mechanisms.

Establishment and application of miRNA sponges

LI Feng, LI Zhi

2014, 29(2):  178-181.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.021

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MicroRNA(miRNA) is a kind of non-coding small RNA which participates in post-transcriptional expression modulation and involves in various kinds of physiological and pathologicalprocesses. miRNA sponges can sequester specific miRNA. miRNA sponges can bind to specific sites in the 3′untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA to sequester miRNA. Compared with antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors and genetic knockouts, miRNA sponges are valuable tools for miRNA loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo.With more and more non-coding RNAs were discovered, miRNA sponge has a indispensable role in the research of its function. This research will discuss the establishment and application of miRNA sponges.

Autophagy and ischemia/reperfusion injury

ZHANG Wenjing, CUI Liyan, ZHANG Jie.

2014, 29(2):  182-185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.022

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Autophagy is the phenomenon that cell phagocytose itself in eukaryotic organism. In physiological condition, autophagy can maintain the stability of environment in vivo. Autophagy plays an important role in the process of many diseases. Studies prove that autophagy participates in the process of ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, it may play different roles in the 2 processes. In the process of ischemia, autophagy can protect cells, while in the process of reperfusion, autophagy may aggravate cell injury and even lead to cell death.

The application significance and research development of hepatitis B virus-large protein detection

LIU Jintao.

2014, 29(2):  186-190.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2014.02.023

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Currently, the research about hepatitis B virus(HBV)-large surface protein (LP) is still in the infancy phase. The review describes the structure, function, testing technology and application prospects of HBV-LP and indicates the collaborative determination of hepatitis B serum marker (HBV-M), anti-hepatitis B virus core antibody IgM (HBcIgM), HBV DNA with HBV-LP, which can not only improve the detection rate, avoid missed diagnosis, but also offer more reliable judgment reference for the clinical diagnosis of HBV infection, replication, infection judgment and antiviral efficacy index.