Table of Content

12 September 2012, Volume 27 Issue 9

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The relationship of alpha₂-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism with silent myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

GAO Jing;CHEN Qiujing;ZHANG Bin;LU Lin;ZHANG Ruiyan;ZHANG Qi;HU Jian;

2012, 27(9):  701-706. 

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Objective　To investigate the relationship of alpha₂-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene polymorphisms (α_2A-AR，α_2B-AR and α_2C-AR genes) with silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).   Methods　By polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and gene sequencing，α_2A-AR，α_2B-AR and α_2C-AR gene polymorphism analysis was performed in 107 healthy controls，129 T2DM patients with SMI and 192 T2DM patients with angina.   Results　The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of α_2B-AR gene polymorphism [insertion (I)/deletion (D)］ had significant difference between SMI group and angina group (P<0.05)， with genotype I/I frequency being greatly higher in SMI group (34.9%) than in angina group (19.8%, P=0.002).   Conclusions　Genotype I/I of α_2B-AR gene polymorphism is associated with SMI in CAD patients with T2DM.

Meta-analysis on the correlation of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis

XU Poshi;SHAO Fengmin;SUN Changyi;QIN Wangsen;HU Hong

2012, 27(9):  707-712. 

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Objective　To investigate the relationship between the peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).  Methods　Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odd ratio to assess the risk of RA associated with PADI4 gene polymorphisms. The heterogeneity test，bias evaluation and risk ratio on Meta-analysis were performed.  Results　A total of 13 literature studies with 11 039 cases and 10 395 controls were included for Meta-analysis based on criteria. According to heterogeneity test，Asian and European groups were analyzed respectively for PADI4-94 using fixed effect model，and the same model was used to PADI4-104 with one study having heterogeneity. The results of Meta-analysis showed PADI4-94 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the risk of RA for Asian people，but not with that for European people，and PADI4-104 single nucleotide polymorphisms had the high risk of RA for all. Bias analysis confirmed the conclusion by trim and fill method.  Conclusions　PADI4-94 and PADI4-104 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the risk of RA.

The comparability study on the result of serum enzymes determined by self-established detecting system

YU Xiaoxuan;JU Yi;OU Yuanzhu;TANG Liping;WANG Meijuan;LI Qing;LIU Wenbin

2012, 27(9):  713-718. 

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Objective　To provide the reference for traceability and comparability of calibration method of self-established detecting system through analyzing patient samples.   Methods　According to document EP9-A2 of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)，3 self-established detecting system FX，KH and FH (assessment methods) were calibrated by 4 different programs on a standard detecting system (reference method) composed of Hitachi 7180 biochemical analyzer and Roche reagents and calibrators (C.f.a.s). Based on 5 serum enzyme items including alanine aminotransferase(ALT)，aspartate aminotransferase(AST)，alkaline phosphatase(ALP)，gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) from 40 fresh samples，the differences between self-established detecting systems(Y) and the standard system(X) were analyzed，which included the correlation coefficient(r)，regression equation and the relative bias at medicine deciding level. Moreover，the coefficient of variation (CV) mean after calibration was compared with those of original detecting systems (Roche and Beckmann).   Results　The bias of 3 assessment methods had a obvious trend of changes. The results that calibrated by Japanese Certified Enzyme Reference Material(JCERM) and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) reference method were significantly better than those by calibrators from company and C.f.a.s. The CV mean of same enzyme item measured by JCERM and IFCC reference methods met or exceeded that of the original detecting system. Poor comparability of ALT，AST and ALP was shown by calibrators from company and C.f.a.s.  Conclusions　JCERM and IFCC reference methods are used to calibrate 5 enzyme items of the 3 self-established detecting systems with comparability and accuracy.

Study on the differences of oral glucose tolerance test between hexokinase method and glucose oxidase method

LI Lihe;CHANG Yuzhi;LI Zheng;LIU Bing;WEI Zhibin

2012, 27(9):  719-721. 

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Objective　To study the differences and causes of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) by hexokinase(HK) method and glucose oxidase(GOD) method.   Methods　The patients were classified into A，B and C groups randomly. Orally taking 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL warm water was as A group，taking 150 mL 0.5 g/mL glucose injection was as B group，and taking 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL warm water placed overnight was as C group. The blood glucose levels at fasting，30，60，120 and 180 min after taking were determined by the 2 methods，and the differences of the results between the 2 methods were analyzed comparatively.   Results　There was no statistical difference of blood glucose levels between HK and GOD methods at each determination point in B and C groups (P>0.05). The blood glucose levels in A group between the 2 methods had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The blood glucose levels in A group at 30，60，120 and 180 min had obvious differences (P<0.05).   Conclusions　As GOD method is highly specific to beta-D glucose，the phenomenon of a relatively low OGTT curve may occur from the influence of alpha glucose.

Influence of the expressions of C3a，C5a，MDA and SOD on myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury of cardiopulmonary bypass among infants

LI Xiang;CHU Yanlin;MA Liming;CHENG Qianjin;LIU Gaoli;SUN Zhuoxiang;DONG Haixin

2012, 27(9):  722-724. 

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Objective　To study the mechanism of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury and its myocardial protection of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) among infants.   Methods　The concentrations of complement 3a(C3a)，complement 5a(C5a)，interleukin-6(IL-6)，tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)，malonaldehyde(MDA)，surperoxide dismutase(SOD),  creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB)，creatine kinase (CK)，troponin (cTnI) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured before CPB，after CPB 20 min，2 h，6 h and 12 h in 20 cases of infants with congenital heart disease.  Results　Compared with the results before CPB，the levels of C3a and C5a were lower，and the levels of CK and LDH were higher at 20 min，2 h，6 h and 12 h after CPB(P<0.05). At 20 min and 2 h after CPB，the levels of IL-6 increased (P<0.05)，and at 6 h and 12 h after CPB，the levels of IL-6 decreased，but they were still higher than those before CPB (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α increased after CPB 20 min (P<0.05)，and decreased after CPB 2 h. The level of CK-MB increased after CPB 2 h (P<0.05)，and decreased after CPB 6 h  and 12 h，but it was still higher than that before CPB (P<0.05). The level of cTnI increased after CPB 2 h (P<0.05)，and the level of MDA decreased after CPB 20 min and 2 h (P<0.05)，increased significantly after CPB 6 h (P<0.05)，and decreased after CPB 12 h (P<0.05). The level of SOD decreased obviously after CPB 2 h，6 h and 12 h (P<0.05).   Conclusions　The myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury of CPB at 12 h after CRP are serious among infants，and the mechanism of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury may be associated with the damages of myocardial and endothelial cells，due to alexin releasing and the increase of oxyradical.

The relationship of fasting serum free fatty acid and type 2 diabetes mellitus

LU Qiuya;CHI Zhenni;LU Yide

2012, 27(9):  725-727. 

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Objective　To investigate the correlation of serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with the parameters of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance，and study the risk factors of T2DM.  Methods　A total of 105 patients with T2DM and 66 healthy controls (normal control group) were screened and classified into 2 groups by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The plasma glucose (PG)，serum insulin (Ins) and fasting serum FFA were measured. The HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-insulin secretion index (HOMA-IS) were calculated. The correlations of serum FFA with sex，age，weight，body mass index(BMI)，0-3 h PG and Ins，HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used with sex，age，weight，BMI，HOMA-IR，HOMA-IS and FFA to define the independent risk factors of T2DM，and variance Y was according to T2DM group=1 and normal control group=0.  Results　HOMA-IR，HOMA-IS and fasting serum FFA had significant difference between T2DM group and normal control group (P<0.01，P<0.001). The correlation analysis showed that fasting serum FFA level was positively correlated with 0 h PG，0.5 h PG，1 h PG，2 h PG，3 h PG，3 h Ins and HOMA-IR (r=0.340，0.281，0.282，0.307，0.302，0.193 and 0.225，P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting serum FFA level was the important risk factor of T2DM[odd ratio (OR)= 14.05，95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87-105.55].  Conclusions　The increasing of fasting serum FFA level may be related to glucose homeostasis，insulin resistance and T2DM development.

Correlation analysis on kidney pathological changes with serum cystatin C

WU Chunlin

2012, 27(9):  728-731. 

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Objective　To investigate the correlations of the serum cystatin C（Cys C），serum creatinine（SCr），some important kidney pathological changes and clinical indices，and to provide more reference for the clinical application of Cys C.  Methods　A total of 260 patients with kidney biopsy were enrolled randomly. The correlations of Cys C，SCr and kidney disease severity (global sclerosis，renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis) score，age and hemoglobin (Hb) were analyzed. The patients were classified into 5 groups according to the global sclerosis 0-4 points，were classified into 4 groups according to the renal tubular atrophy 0-3 points，and were classified into 4 groups according to the interstitial fibrosis 0-3 points. The Cys C and SCr changes were compared among the various pathological groups.  Results　Cys C with SCr，global sclerosis，renal tubular atrophy，interstitial fibrosis and age showed a significant positive correlation（r=0.850,0.471,0.592,0.610 and 0.197，P＜0.01），and SCr with global sclerosis，renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis showed a significant positive correlation（r=0.501,0.595 and 0.607,P＜0.01），but there was no correlation between SCr and age（r=0.118,P＞0.05）. Cys C and SCr had a significant negative correlation with Hb（r=-0.448 and -0.369，P＜0.01）. The differences of Cys C and SCr among the various pathological groups were statistically significant（P<0.01）. With the increasing of pathological damage degrees，the Cys C and SCr levels also increased，but when pathological damage degrees reached 1-2 points （<50%），the Cys C level of most patients reached or exceeded the upper limit of the reference range，however the SCr levels of most patients were still in the reference range.  Conclusions　Cys C and SCr can reflect the kidney pathological damage and renal functional status of patients. Cys C is superior to SCr in the sensitivity of evaluating early renal injury. However，both of them have influence factors. When choosing the indices for evaluating kidney function，the influence factors of patients should be considered for reference，then when necessary，they can be associated with several indices to improve the accuracy of evaluating kidney function.

Clinical significance of serum m-AST in alcoholic liver disease

DU Zongxiao;LI Furong;PIAO Wenhua

2012, 27(9):  732-735. 

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Objective　To investigate the prognostic significance of the serum aspartate aminotransferase mitochondrial isoenzyme (m-AST) activity in alcoholic liver disease (ALD).  Methods　The serum levels of m-AST，gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)，alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined by immuno-inhibition assays in 104 patients with ALD [ALD group，including alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) 36 cases，alcoholic hepatitis (AH) 52 cases and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) 16 cases]，100 patients with viral hepatitis [non-ALD (NALD) group] before treatment and after treatment for 3 weeks and 100 healthy subjects (control group). The changes of serum GGT，ALT，AST，m-AST activities were observed in AFL，AH and AC patients before and after treatment.  Results　The activities of serum GGT，ALT，AST and m-AST in ALD and NALD groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05)，and the activities in NALD group were significantly higher than those in ALD group (P<0.05). After the treatment，the GGT，ALT and AST activities in ALD group decreased significantly (P<0.001). The activities in AFL and AH groups decreased more significantly than those in AC group. After the treatment，the GGT，ALT，AST and m-AST activities decreased basically to the normal levels in AFL group. The m-AST activity decreased significantly in AH group，while the m-AST activity decreased not significantly in AC group.  Conclusions　Serum m-AST has clinical significance in monitoring ALD.

Establishment and performance evaluation of AlphaLISA for the detection of human follicle stimulating hormone

LIN Guanfeng;DONG Zhining;HE An;ZOU Liping;HOU Jingyuan;LI Ming;WU Yingsong.

2012, 27(9):  736-740. 

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Objective　To develop rapid amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous immunoassay (AlphaLISA) reagent for the detection of human follicle stimulating hormone(hFSH).  Methods　Two monoclonal anti-hFSH antibodies were used to develop the AlphaLISA reagent for the detection of hFSH. One was biotinylated，and the other was coated on AlphaLISA acceptor beads. The reagent also contained donor beads coated with streptavidin. The optimal test conditions and analytical performance of the method were evaluated.  Results　The analytical sensitivity and functional sensitivity of AlphaLISA for the detection of hFSH were 0.09 and 0.12 U/L. The linear measurement range of the developed reagent was 0.09-192.00 U/L. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were 4.2%-7.1% and 7.5%-8.3%，which were all<10.0%，respectively. The ratios of cross-reactivity were 0.16%，0.08% and 0.02% with human luteinizing hormone(hLH)，human thyroid stimulating hormone(hTSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)，respectively. The results of 100 samples′ detection by this reagent showed good correlation coefficient with those of SIEMENS Immulite 2000 follicle stimulating hormone kit by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA，r=0.979，P<0.001).  Conclusions　The developed hFSH AlphaLISA reagent in this study meets the requirement of clinical determination，and is a valuable test for clinical application.

Study on the correlation of CR1 gene polymorphism with erythrocyte CR1 expression and its adhesive activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AN Xin;GAO Lichang;WANG Dongmei;ZOU Jimin;LI Chao;YUAN Baojun

2012, 27(9):  741-744. 

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Objective　To study on the correlation of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) gene polymorphism with erythrocyte CR1 expression and its adhesive activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  Methods　A total of 132 patients with T2DM were determined for the CR1 gene polymorphism by restriction incision enzyme Hind Ⅲ polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)，and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the expression of CR1 on erythrocyte and its adhesive activity.Meanwhile，124 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The results were analyzed statistically.  Results　The expression of CR1 on erythrocyte and its adhesive activity in patients with T2DM were lower than those in healthy controls (P<0.01). The CR1 genotype distribution frequencies from high to low were type HH，type HL and type LL by turns. The allele L frequency of CR1 gene in T2DM patients (14.8%) was higher than that in healthy controls (11.3%)，and there was no statistical significance in CR1 genotype frequency and allele frequency between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The expression of CR1 and adhesive activity of type HH and type HL had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The expression of CR1 and adhesive activity of type HH and type HL in T2DM patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P<0.05).  Conclusions　The genotype and allele frequencies in patients with T2DM have no statistical difference with those in healthy controls，but the expression of CR1 on erythrocyte and the adhesive activity in patients with T2DM decrease significantly. It indicates that the decrease of erythrocyte CR1 adhesive activity may be attribute to the occurrence of T2DM.

Research of IPF related parameters and their investigation in diagnosis of thrombocytopenic disease

XIA Yonghui;LI Xiaomei;LI Yong;MU Yueyi;ZHANG Yunxia

2012, 27(9):  745-748. 

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Objective　To establish the healthy subjects′ immature platelet fraction (IPF) parameter reference range in Tianjin，and to investigate its significance in the diagnosis of thrombocytopenic disease.  Methods　By XE-5000 automatic hematology analyzer，2 600 healthy subjects′ peripheral blood absolute value of immature platelet fraction [IPF(#)]，the percentage of immature platelet fraction [IPF(%)]，the percentage of high fluorescence immature platelet fraction[H-IPF(%)] and platelet(PLT) in Tianjin were detected. These parameters in 23 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)，29 patients with acute aplastic anemia (AA)，10 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia ( AML-M3 )  and 24 patients with AA treated with anti-thymocyte globulin remission after treatment ( AA-CR ) were detected. The differences between disease group with various diseases and the healthy control group were compared，and the parameter diagnosis significances in various diseases were analyzed.  Results　For healthy control group，the 95% reference ranges were IPF (#)： 0.7-5.6×109/L，IPF (%)： 0.3%-2.8%，H-IPF(%)：0.0%-0.8% and PLT:143-333×109/L. The above parameters except PLT had statistical significance between males and females (P<0.05 ). In ITP group and AML-M3 group，IPF(#)，IPF(%)，H-IPF(%) and PLT had statistical significance compared with healthy control group (P<0.05 ). In AA group，IPF(#)，IPF(%) and PLT had statistical significance compared with healthy control group(P<0.05 ). In AA-CR group，IPF(#) and PLT had statistical significance compared with healthy control group(P<0.05 ). The sensitivity of IPF(%) in ITP group was 90.0%，the specificity was 95.7% and the largest Youden index was 85.7%. The sensitivity of IPF (#) in AA group was 90.0%，the specificity was 100%，and the largest Youden index was 90%. The sensitivities of H-IPF (%) in ITP group and AML-M3 group were 98.3% and 82.5%，the specificities were 69.7% and 90.0%，and the largest Youden indices were 77.9% and 72.5%.  Conclusions　The reference ranges of IPF(#)，IPF (%) and H-IPF (%) among healthy subjects in Tianjin are established，and the different PLT parameters in different thrombocytopenia disease have certain clinical significance.

Research on six genes and insertion sequence ISAbal of carbopenems-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

LIAO Wanzhen;YANG Lu;WEN Guilan;PENG Weihua;HU Xuefei;YU Yang

2012, 27(9):  749-753. 

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Objective　To study the relationship between the genotype characteristics and insertion sequence ISAbal of carbopenems-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)，and investigate the drug-resistant mechanism.  Methods　A total of 70 strains of CRAB (no repeat strains) and 10 strains of carbopenems-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii were collected. Metalloenzyme beta-lactamase (MBLs) were detected by 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test. The bla_IMP，bla_VIM，bla_OXA-23，bla_OXA-24，bla_OXA-51，bla_OXA-58 and ISAbal_OXA-23 were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified products were measured for DNA sequence.  Results　The synergy tests were negative (MBLs negative) by 2-mercaptopropionic acid and ceftazime in 70 strains of CRAB. Through 7 pairs of specific primers，70 strains of CRAB and 10 strains of carbopenems-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii were determined for PCR amplification. All the CRAB strains carried bla_OXA-23 and bla_OXA-51，but bla_OXA-24 was never detected. Only 1 strain carried bla_OXA-58，and the 80 strains did not carry bla_IMP and bla_VIM. In addition，all the CRAB strains carried insertion sequence ISAbal_OXA-23，however，all the sensitive strains did not carry.  Conclusions　Major genes are bla_OXA-51 and bla_OXA-23 in the CRAB strains. Insertion sequence ISAbal is located in the upstream of bla_OXA-23. There is no correlation among drug-resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to MBLs，bla_OXA-24 and bla_OXA-58.

Disk tests incorporating boracic acid inhibitor to detect KPC in Klebsiella pneumoniae

YAN Yuzhong;HU Fupin;SUN Kangde;FAN Huiqing;LU Yanchun;HUA Jing

2012, 27(9):  754-759. 

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Objective　To evaluate the disk tests incorporating boracic acid inhibitor for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbopenem (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.  Methods　A total of 36 genetically unrelated KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were determined. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of imipenem，meropenem and ertapenem were determined by agar dilution method．Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used for the identification of beta-lactamase genotypes. The modified Hodge test (MHT)，using both standard and high inoculum of test organisms，was performed to detect carbopenem phenotype. The disk tests consisting of 8 antibiotics with and without boracic acid inhibitor were designed to detect KPC phenotype，and the diameter≥5 mm augmentation of inhibition zone was considered a positive result.  Results　All 36 KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to at least one of the 3 carbopenems. The sensitivity and specificity of MHT were 97.2% and 91.0% for the detection of carbopenems，and they were 100.0% and 87.0% when a high inoculum was employed. For disk tests using cefepime，imipenem or meropenem with and without boracic acid detecting KPC phenotype in Klebsiella pneumoniae，the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0%.  Conclusions　Disk tests incorporating boracic acid inhibitor in combination with cefepime，imipenem or meropenem may help the phenotypic detection of KPC in Klebsiella pneumoniae，and are very easy to perform and interpret.

Clinical application evaluation of the FAST plaque TB assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

QING Keqin;HAN Min;YUE Jun

2012, 27(9):  760-763. 

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Objective　To evaluate the efficacy of FAST plaque TB assay for the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens.  Methods　A total of 530 sputum specimens were detected by FAST plaque TB assay，auramine O stain smear microscopy and a rapid culture assay. Results of a rapid culture assay were as the reference standards for evaluation.  Results　Of the 530 sputum samples，there were 270 sputum samples positive by the rapid culture assay，including FAST plaque TB assay detected 220 positive. In the 260 negative sputum samples by the rapid culture assay，there were 20 positive by FAST plaque TB assay. The sensitivity，specificity，positive and negative predictive values of FAST plaque TB assay were 81.6%，92.3%，91.6% and 82.8%.The sensitivity，specificity，positive and negative predictive values of the combined determination of FAST plaque TB assay and smear microscopy were 88.9%，80.8%，82.8% and 87.5%.  Conclusions　FAST plaque TB assay has certain high sensitivity and specificity ，as well as fast，safe and other advantages. The assay shows a high clinical significance especially for smear-negative tuberculosis patients.

Study on influence of mitochondrial M2 protein on dendritic cells before and after silencing suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

2012, 27(9):  764-769. 

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Objective To study the effects of M2 protein on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)-derived dendritic cell(DC) after silencing SOCS1. Methods: DC were generated from donor-derived PBMC and treated with SOCS-1 siRNA. DC were stimulated by various concentrations of M2 protein at different times CD83 and CD86 of DC was performed by flow cytometry（FCM）.The levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and IL-12 in culture supernatant of DC were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of CD83 and CD86, the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 of DC under stimulation of M2 protein at 70 μg/ml after 24 h, at 35 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h were all significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After silencing SOCS1 by siRNA of DC in the presence of various concentrations of M2 at different times, the expression of CD83 and CD86, the levels of IL-12 were all increased significantly than those in the M2 group（P<0.05）. However, there were not any significant difference of IL-10 levels of DC between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusions The results indicated that DC after stimulation of M2 protein at high concentration had increased capacity to activate Th1 subset proliferation, maturation and antigen presentation. The functions was further enhanced after silencing SOCS1 of DC in the presence of M2, which maybe contribute to the broken of self-tolerance.