关键词: 医院感染, 病原菌, 耐药率

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution and drug-resistance rate of pathogens in nosocomial infection, in order to provide scientific reference for the reasonable clinical application of antibiotics.   Methods　The bacterium identifications and drug sensitivity assay in various kinds of clinical samples (47 469 cases) were performed by Microscan Walkaway 40SI system and in vitro drug sensitivity assay. Results　A total of 7 445 pathogens had been isolated form the 47 469 samples. The positive rate of Gram-negative bacteria was 81.87%， and these bacteria were mainly composed of Escherichia coli (23.36%)，Klebsiella pneumonia (16.70%)，Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.77%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (7.64%). The positive rate of Gram-positive bacteria was 18.13%， and these bacteria were mainly composed of Staphylococcus aureus (8.62%)，Enterococcus faecalis (3.99%) and Enterococcus faecium (2.15%). Pathogens causing nosocomial infections had strong drug-resistance and were varied in drug-resistance spectrum. Conclusions　Timely information about pathogen distribution and trend of drug-resistance variation can guide the reasonable application of antibiotics in clinical practice，and eliminate or largely reduce the unreasonable use or misuse of antibiotics， therefore reducing the nosocomial infections.

Key words: Nosocomial infection, Pathogen, Drug-resistance rate