检验医学 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 506-512.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2019.06.006

• 临床应用研究·论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2013—2018年上海某院血培养病原菌分布和耐药性分析

尧荣凤1, 方慧1, 许国祥2, 吴亚洲1, 任圣洁1, 李智1   

  1. 1.同济大学附属杨浦医院检验科,上海 200090
    2.上海市浦东新区孙桥社区卫生服务中心,上海 201210
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-14 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-07-04
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:尧荣凤,女,1976年生,硕士,主管技师,主要从事中药活性成分抗感染免疫研究。

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from blood specimens from 2013 to 2018

YAO Rongfeng1, FANG Hui1, XU Guoxiang2, WU Yazhou1, REN Shengjie1, LI Zhi1   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Yangpu Hospital of Tongji University,Shanghai 200090,China
    2. Sunqiao Community Health Service Center,Shanghai 201210,China
  • Received:2019-02-14 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-07-04

摘要:

目的 分析2013—2018年同济大学附属杨浦医院血培养样本病原菌分布情况和耐药特点,为临床抗感染治疗提供依据。方法 采用全自动微生物分析系统对血培养样本中分离出的病原菌进行鉴定和药物敏感性试验,分析其分布特点和耐药情况。结果 2013—2018年共送检血培养样本14 085份,分离出病原菌1 803株,阳性检出率为12.8%。其中革兰阴性杆菌占51.1%,革兰阳性球菌占46.4%,真菌占2.4%;检出率居前5位的病原菌分别为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌。血培养病原菌阳性检出率最高的科室为重症监护病房(ICU)(19.3%)。外科分离的细菌中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌占比(32.8%和14.2%)明显高于内科 (26.8%和6.9%)和ICU (16.1%和6.3%)(P<0.05),分离自女性患者血培养样本的大肠埃希菌(33.0%)明显多于男性患者(20.7%)(P<0.05)。亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦和哌拉西林-他唑巴坦对主要革兰阴性杆菌中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和黏质沙雷菌的抗菌活性较强,耐药率均<15%。鲍曼不动杆菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率均>40%。未发现对利奈唑胺、替加环素和万古霉素耐药的葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率为1.6%,屎肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率为7.4%。结论 医院血培养样本中分离出的病原菌种类复杂,且对常用抗菌药物耐药较严重,各临床科室分布也有所不同。应根据药物敏感性试验结果规范使用抗菌药物。

关键词: 血培养, 病原菌, 耐药性

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from blood specimens from 2013 to 2018 in Yangpu Hospital of Tongji University,and to provide a reference for clinical anti-infection treatment. Methods The bacteria were identified,and drug susceptibility test was performed by automatic identification system. The distribution and drug resistance characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 1 803 isolates of pathogens were isolated from 14 085 cases of blood culturing from 2013 to 2018. The positive rate was 12.8%. Among them,Gram-negative bacilli,Gram-positive cocci and fungi accounted for 51.1%,46.4% and 2.4%,respectively. The top 5 pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. Intensive care unit(ICU)(19.3%) had the highest isolation rate of pathogens from blood culturing. The isolation rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from department of surgery were 32.8% and 14.2%,respectively,which were higher than those in internal medicine department(26.8%% and 6.9%) and ICU(16.1% and 6.3%)(P<0.05). The isolation rate of Escherichia coli from female patients were 33.0%,which was higher than that from male patients(20.7%)(P<0.05). Imipenem,meropenem,amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam maintained good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens,and the drug resistance rates were all <15%. The drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to most antibiotics were >40%. Staphylococcus was found not to be resistant to linezolid,tigecycline and vancomycin. The drug resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 1.6%. The drug resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was 7.4%. Conclusions The kinds of pathogens isolated from blood culturing are complex. Clinicians should standardize the use of antibiotics according to drug susceptibility test results of positive pathogens from blood culturing.

Key words: Blood culturing, Pathogen, Drug resistance

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