检验医学 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 513-517.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2019.06.007

• 临床应用研究·论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

感染性糖尿病足病原菌分布及耐药性分析

刘春林1(), 徐波2, 陈弟1, 张莉3, 王飞英2, 徐红云1, 刘畅1, 吕红玲1   

  1. 1. 云南省第二人民医院 云南大学第一医院检验科,云南 昆明 650021
    2. 云南省第二人民医院 云南大学第一医院内分泌科,云南 昆明 650021
    3. 云南省第二人民医院 云南大学第一医院口腔外科,云南 昆明 650021
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-25 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-07-04
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:刘春林,男,1973年生,硕士,副主任技师,主要从事临床微生物学检验和细菌耐药性监测研究。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2013Y285)

Distribution and drug resistance analysis of pathogenic bacteria isolated from infectious patients with diabetic foot

LIU Chunlin1(), XU Bo2, CHEN Di1, ZHANG Li3, WANG Feiying2, XU Hongyun1, LIU Chang1, LÜ Hongling1   

  1. 1.Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,the First Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650021,Yunnan,China
    2. Department of Endocrinology,the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,the First Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650021,Yunnan,China
    3. Department of Oral Surgery,the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,the First Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650021,Yunnan,China
  • Received:2018-05-25 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-07-04

摘要:

目的 了解糖尿病足合并感染患者病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法 回顾性分析267例糖尿病足患者的临床资料,对分离自溃疡分泌物样本的细菌进行病原菌鉴定及耐药性分析。结果 267份样本中有216份分离出病原菌(292株),阳性检出率为80.9%(216/267)。292株细菌中,革兰阴性杆菌160株(54.8%)、革兰阳性球菌128株(43.8%)、真菌4株(1.4%)。有46例(17.2%)患者存在混合感染。革兰阴性杆菌主要是变形杆菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌;革兰阳性球菌主要是金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和表皮葡萄球菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,革兰阴性杆菌对碳青霉烯类(亚胺培南、美罗培南和厄他培南)、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟及加β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗菌药物耐药率较低,对氨苄西林、哌拉西林和氨曲南耐药率较高;革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺、莫西沙星及利福平较为敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和四环素耐药率较高。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌占金黄色葡萄球菌的32.7%(17/52),大肠埃希菌和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌分别占44.4%(16/36)和43.5%(10/23)。结论 糖尿病足感染的病原菌分布广泛,革兰阴性杆菌较革兰阳性球菌常见,存在一定比例的多重耐药菌。应重视对糖尿病足感染者进行病原菌检测及体外药物敏感性试验,早期选择有效的抗菌药物是治疗糖尿病足感染的关键。

关键词: 糖尿病足, 感染, 病原菌, 耐药性

Abstract:

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from infectious patients with diabetic foot,and to provide a reference for using antibiotics rationally. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the pathogenic bacterium identification and drug resistance isolated from the foot ulcers of 267 patients with diabetic foot. Results Among the 267 patients with diabetic foot,292 isolates of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from foot ulcers in 216 patients,and the positive rate was 80.9%(216/267). There were 160(54.8%) isolates of Gram-negative bacilli,128(43.8%) isolates of Gram-positive cocci and 4(1.4%) isolates of fungi. Mixed infection was found in 46(17.2%) patients. Among the 160 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli,Proteus mirabilis,Escherichia coli,Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were prevalent. Among the 128 isolates of Gram-positive cocci,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were prevalent. Drug susceptibility test showed that carbapenems(imipenem,meropenem and ertapenem),amikacin,cefepime and beta lactamase inhibitor were the most effective drugs against Gram-negative bacilli,and the drug resistance rates to ampicillin,piperacillin and aztreonam were high. Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin,linezolid,moxifloxacin and rifampicin,and the drug resistance rates to penicillin,erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline were high. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 32.7%(17/52) of Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 44.4%(16/36) and 43.5%(10/23). Conclusions The distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing diabetic foot infection is widespread. Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacteria compared with Gram-positive cocci. A certain proportion of pathogenic bacteria are multi-drug resistant bacteria. Attention should be paid to the pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility test in diabetic foot infection patients. The key to the treatment of diabetic foot infection is early application of sensitive antibiotics.

Key words: Diabetic foot, Infection, Pathogenic bacterium, Drug resistance

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