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    30 December 2020, Volume 35 Issue 12
    The Progress of Exosomes Application in Diagnosis and Treatmeat of breast cancer
    MEI Zhaoling, ZHOU Wenhui, FENG Jing
    2020, 35(12):  1203-1206.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.001
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    Exosomes are small lipid bilayer vesicles,which contents nucleic acids,proteins,lipids and lots of other things. Exosomes have great potential to regulator the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Exosomes derived from breast cancer cells have great potential in the application of early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. Otherwise,the great biocompatibility,natural circulation ability,and strong loading capacity makes exosomes widely used in the developing of drugs for breast cancer treatment. This article gives a brief overview of its application in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer,the main problems were summarized.

    Research progress in extracellular vesicle detection technique and its clinical application
    LIU Chunchen, LIN Huixian, ZHENG Lei
    2020, 35(12):  1207-1212.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.002
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    Extracellular vesicles(EV),a kind of subcellular components secreted by cells,carrying many signal molecules,participate in many physiological and pathological activities. The detection technique and analysis of its components are conducive to the specific analysis of diseases from the cellular,subcellular and molecular levels,which is of significance both to the mechanism research of disease and the clinical application of EV. This review summarizes the main detection technique of EV including the advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile,its clinical applications will be evaluated and the brief outlook of its development will be made.

    Role of exosome-derived circular RNA in tumor diagnosis and treatment
    YANG Wenjing, LÜ Lihua, YAO Jiayi, WANG Hao, ZHANG Chunyan, WANG Beili, PAN Baishen, GUO Wei
    2020, 35(12):  1213-1219.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.003
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    Exosomes refer to small vesicles secreted by cells,containing various molecules and playing a role in intercellular communication. Circular RNA is a class of nucleic acid molecules contained in exosomes. It forms circular structures by covalent bonds without a 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail,mainly functioning as miRNA sponges and playing an important regulatory role in gene expression. Exosome-derived circRNA can promote tumor proliferation,metastasis and drug resistance,which are enriched in plasma and may be served as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in early tumor. This review highlights the biological functions of exosomal circRNA in the onset and development of different tumors and provides a reference for the application of exosome-derived circRNA in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

    Research progress of exosomes in gastrointestinal cancer metastasis
    CHEN Jia, JIN Wei, HU Xiaobo
    2020, 35(12):  1220-1223.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.004
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    Exosomes are sorts of small extracellular vesicles ranging approximately from 30 nm to 100 nm in diameter,which can serve as carriers transporting protein,microRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) and others to target cells,further mediating cell communication. Gastrointestinal cancer is a malignant cancer with high morbidity and mortality,and cancer metastasis is the main cause of death. Exosome play a key role in the process of gastrointestinal cancer metastasis by targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition,angiogenesis,tumor microenvironment and so on. This review summarizes the role of exosomes in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition,angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment,which may provide new ideas for the study of gastrointestinal cancer metastasis.

    Comparison of plasma exosome extraction methods
    LÜ Lihua, ZHU Lina, WANG Hao, YANG Wenjing, JIN Anli, WANG Beili, PAN Baishen, GUO Wei
    2020, 35(12):  1224-1228.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.005
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    Objective To compare the efficiency of ultracentrifugation,affinity membrane method and precipitation for extracting plasma exosome. Methods Plasma exosomes were extracted by 3 different methods,including ultracentrifugation,affinity membrane method and precipitation. Transmission electron microscopy,nano-flow cytometry,zetasizer nano were used to verify its morphology,particle size and distribution and Zeta potential. The western blot analysis was performed to measure the representative protein markers of exosomes. The bicinchoninic acid assay was utilized to measure concentration of exosomal protein. The ratio of particles number to protein concentration was analyzed to evaluate the extraction efficiency of exosomes. Results The transmission electron microscope showed exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation and affinity membrane method as a saucer-like bilayer membrane structure,while the exosomes extracted by precipitation were mixed with PEG polymer and protein particles. The size of the exosomes were between 40-100 nm,while the mean diameter of the exosomes derived using affinity membrane method was larger than those using the ultracentrifugation and precipitation. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) analysis showed that the Zeta potential of exosomes was negative,which implied their membranous structure. However,exosomes size measured by DLS were larger than that by nano-flow cytometry. In addition,all the exosomes expressed representative protein markers. The precipitation produced the highest protein concentration and particles,and the ultracentrifugation gave exosomes the highest purity than the other 2 methods. Conclusions Exosomes can be extracted by ultracentrifugation,affinity membrane and precipitation. However,which extraction method should be used depends on the specific experimental requirements.

    Analysis of laboratory indexes and risk factors of patients with severe Corona Virus Disease 2019
    LIU Sijia, CHENG Feng, WU Yayun, LI Zhenyu, GONG Guofu, DUAN Xiuqun, CHEN Shengli
    2020, 35(12):  1229-1233.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.006
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    Objective To analyze clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with the death of critically ill patients with COVID-19,so as to effectively identify severe patients with potential death threat and provide the basis for effective treatment. Methods A total of 146 patients with severe COVID-19 treated in our hospital from January 23,2020 to February 12,2020 were enrolled in this study. There were 98 patients in survival group and 48 patients in death group. Age,sex,symptoms,basic diseases,blood indexes,concurrent infection and secondary infection were compared between the two groups. Risk factors related to death were analyzed by means of logistics regression. Results There were significant differences in age,gender,chest distress,shortness of breath,and gastrointestinal infection between the two groups(P<0.05). The proportion of patients with basic diseases in the death group was higher than that in the survival group. The incidence of pulmonary lesion was 100% in the death group and 90.82% in the survival group. The levels of white blood cell count,D-dimer,aspartate aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,cardiac troponin I,B-type natriuretic peptide,blood glucoseand procalcitoninin the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group(P<0.05),while lymphocyte percentage,total protein,albuminand cholesterolin the death group were significantly lower than those in the survival group(P<0.05). Compared with the survival group,the infection rate of other respiratory pathogens was significantly reduced in the death group,while the secondary infection rates of fungi and bacteria were significantly increased. Logistic regression analysis showed that age,gender(male),no gastrointestinal reaction,two or more basic diseases,low L% and high GLU were the risk factors for the death of patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusion Elderly,male,no gastrointestinal reaction,two or more basic diseases,low L% and high GLU all indicate the increased mortality risk in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

    Analysis of early determination indicators for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    WANG Xiaogang, WANG Huiling, HUANG Yulu, ZHOU Lu, PENG Haifeng, DENG Shunhua
    2020, 35(12):  1234-1237.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.007
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    Objective To investigate the characteristics of early determination indicator results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection,and to provide a reference for the early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods There were 21 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 24 cases excluding SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their determination indicator results in the early stage were compared. Results There was no statistical significance in white blood cell count,neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,monocyte count,eosnophil count,basophil count,C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),D-dimer(DD),fibrinogen(Fib),creatine kinase(CK),hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(HBDH) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) between the 2 groups(P>0.05). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are atypical,and all these determination indicators can not be used in identify SARS-CoV-2 infection in early stage.

    Clinical roles of SAA,CRP,LYMPH#,NT-proBNP and DD in COVID-19
    ZHENG Wei, HAO Aijun, ZHU Guoyong, ZHANG Yinhui, WANG Dongyun, PANg Jie
    2020, 35(12):  1238-1242.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.008
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    Objective To investigate the roles of serum amyloid A(SAA),C-reactive protein(CRP),the absolute value of lymphocyte(LYMPH#),N-terminal B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) and D-dimer(DD) in the diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods A total of 98 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled,and there were 64 cases of common type,20 cases of severe type and 14 cases of critical type. Totally,40 fever patients excluding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection were enrolled as control group. SAA,CRP,LYMPH#,NT-proBNP and DD levels were determined. The changes of the indexes of COVID-19 critical and severe patients during hospitalization were monitored dynamically. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of each index for COVID-19. Results There were statistical significance of SAA,CRP,LYMPH#,NT-proBNP and DD in critical group,severe group and common type group of COVID-19(P<0.05,P<0.01). There was no statistical significance between common type group and control group(P>0.05). Severe patients and critical patients with COVID-19 were combined into a group. ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under curves of SAA,CRP,LYMPH#,NT-proBNP and DD in the diagnosis of severe and critical COVID-19 was 0.930,0.872,0.846,0.731 and 0.815,respectively. The continuous monitoring results showed that SAA,CRP,NT-proBNP and DD of critical group were maintained at high levels,and began to decrease at about the 21 day. LYMPH# continued to maintain at a low level,and began to increase gradually at about the 21 day. The 5 indexes of severe group did not fluctuate significantly. Conclusions SAA,CRP,LYMPH#,NT-proBNP and DD can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators of COVID-19. Dynamic monitoring of the 5 indicators has reference value for the judgment and prognosis of COVID-19.

    Cytogenetic analysis of 153 newly-diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma
    XU Kaihong, MU Qitian, OUYANG Guifang, YAN Xiao
    2020, 35(12):  1243-1247.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.009
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    Objective To evaluate the role of cytogenetic analysis in multiple myeloma(MM). Methods The cytogenetic analysis in 153 newly-diagnosed cases of MM was performed retrospectively. Results The recurrent chromosomal abnormality were most concentrated on the chromosome 13,9,14,1 and 8. The combination of conventional cytogenetics and iFISH displayed genetic abnormalities up to 79.1% and showed the majority of cases had complex chromosome karyotypes. There were 9 cases of abnormal karyotypes by conventional cytogenetics,but with negative-iFISH results. The 7 of 9 cases were with progression-free survival(PFS) less than 3 years,including 2 cases of death from infection and heart failure. Conclusions Even with low efficiency,conventional cytogenetics is still an essential application for offering full cytogenetic profile,and it is still indispensable for current scientific research and clinical practice.

    Roles of coagulation function,serum C-reactive protein and Tau protein in evaluating the severity and prognosis of brain injury
    BAN Lifang, XU Yuan, KONG Qingfei, YUE Baohong
    2020, 35(12):  1248-1251.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.010
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    Objective To investigate the correlations of coagulation function,serum C-reactive protein(CRP)and Tau protein in patients with brain injury with the severity and prognosis of brain injury. Methods Totally,103 patients with brain injury were enrolled,which were classified into heavy group(30 cases),medium group(39 cases) and light group(34 cases). According to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores,they were classified into good prognosis group(68 cases) and poor prognosis group(35 cases). Prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thrombin time(APTT),thrombin time (TT),fibrinogen(Fib),D-dimer(DD),CRP and Tau protein levels were determined. Results There were statistical significance for coagulation function,serum CRP and Tau protein in different degrees of brain injury before treatment(P<0.05). As the degree of brain injury increasing,the levels of PT,APTT,TT,DD,CRP and Tau protein were increased,and the level of Fib was decreased(P<0.05). Before and after treatment,the levels of PT,APTT,TT,DD,CRP and Tau protein in good prognosis group were lower than those in poor prognosis group,and the level of Fib was higher than that in poor prognosis group(P<0.05). Conclusions The levels of coagulation function,serum CRP and Tau protein are abnormal in patients with brain injury,and the above indicators were related to the degree of disease and prognosis,which can be used for disease diagnosis and disease monitoring.

    Predictive role of plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product in pre-eclampsia
    SHANG Xinrong, CHI Lin, SUI Wenjun
    2020, 35(12):  1252-1254.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.011
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    Objective To investigate the predictive value of the combined determination of plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product(FDP) in pre-eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods A total of 126 women with singleton pregnancy and pre-eclampsia,including 40 patients with severe pre-eclampsia and 86 patients with mild pre-eclampsia,were enrolled. A total of 136 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as control group. The plasma D-dimer and FDP were determined. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the combined determination of plasma D-dimer and FDP levels in pre-eclampsia. Results Plasma D-dimer and FDP levels in the pre-eclampsia group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05). Between severe and mild pre-eclampsia groups,there was no statistical significance in plasma D-dimer and FDP in late trimester of pregnancy(P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under curves of D-dimer and FDP in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia were 0.855 and 0.869,and the optimal cut-off values were 3.64 mg/L FEU and 10.65 μg/mL. The sensitivities were 83.5% and 86.7%,and the specificities were 65.0% and 60.0%. Conclusions Plasma D-dimer and FDP levels in the third trimester are closely related to the occurrence of pre-eclampsia,and have predictive values for pre-eclampsia.

    Correlation between mean platelet volume and the prognosis of ovarian cancer
    YANG Huan, ZHOU Chen, LU Xiaoyuan
    2020, 35(12):  1255-1258.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.012
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    Objective To investigate the feasibility of mean platelet volume(MPV) as a prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer. Methods The clinical data of 170 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2011 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified into MPV≥9.7 fL group(117 cases) and MPV<9.7 fL group(53 cases). The relationship between MPV levels and clinical pathological data was analyzed. The influence of MPV levels on 5-year overall survival(OS) in patients with ovarian cancer was evaluated. Results There was a correlation between the 2 groups for hemoglobin(Hb),white blood cell(WBC) count,platelet(PLT) count and the stages of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology of 2014(FIGO)(P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the OS in MPV <9.7 fL group was shorter than that in MPV ≥9.7 fL group(P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that MPV was an independent influencing factor for poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Conclusions The decreasing of MPV is an influential factor for poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.

    Detection of 7 kinds of common respiratory viruses causing respiratory tract infection in 14 741 pediatric patients
    SU Yuping, LIN Jiancheng, WU Haimin, XU Jin
    2020, 35(12):  1259-1262.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.013
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    Objective To analyze the detection results of 7 kinds of common respiratory viruses,and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory tract infection. Methods The nasopharynx swab or lavage fluid samples were collected from 14 741 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection from March 2016 to February 2018 in Xiamen Children's Hospital. Influenza A(IFA),influenza B(IFB),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV)and parainfluenza 1(PIV1),parainfluenza 2(PIV2),parainfluenza 3(PIV3)were detected by direct immunofluorescence method. The epidemic characteristics of different ages and sex were evaluated. Results Among the 14 741 cases,3 693 cases were positive for the 7 kinds of common respiratory viruses,and the positive rate was 25.05%. The positive rate was 15.98% in 2 355 male children,and the positive rate was 9.08% in 1 338 female children. The positive rates of children infected with various respiratory viruses were RSV 15.15%,ADV 3.49%,PIV3 3.12%,IFA 1.08%,IFB 1.01%,PIV1 0.91%,PIV2 0.29%,respectively. There was statistical significance for ADV and RSV in infant group(<1-year-old) and IFB in preschool group(6-<12-year-old)(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance for the other groups(P>0.05). Conclusions The main pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection of pediatric children are RSV,ADV and PIV3,and there were differences among different viruses in different seasons,sex and ages in Xiamen. Prevention and control measures should be taken.

    Relationship between ESBL genotyping of Escherichia coli and integron in Anning
    LIU Cunfen, WANG Yan, YANG Rong, HU Lixiang
    2020, 35(12):  1263-1266.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.014
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    Objective To understand the relationship between extended-spectrum lactamases(ESBL) genotyping of Escherichia coli and integron in Anning,to evaluate the characteristics and prevalence of Escherichia coli drug resistance,and to provide a reference for the treatment and control of Escherichia coli producing ESBL. Methods A total of 200 isolates of Escherichia coli were collected. Isolate identification was performed,and drug susceptibility test was performed in vitro. ESBL isolates were determined by disc diffusion method and confirmed by double disk method. ESBL genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Integron 5 and 3 and conservative district of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ integrase genes were amplified,and integrates were sequenced and classified. Results Among the 200 isoaltes of Escherichia coli,the positive rate of ESBL was 59.00%(118/200). ESBL genotype were amplified in 105 isolates of ESBL,accounting for 88.98%. Two or more ESBL genes were determined in 11 isolates,accounting for 9.30%. CTX-M type had the highest determination rate(52.54%). Among 118 ESBLs-producing strains,the positive detection rate of CTX-M type was the highest 52.54%. Only I class integron was determined from different positive genotype amplification bacteria. ⅠCTX-M-1 type isolate carried I class integron accounting for 72.41%,while SHV type isolate carried I class integron accounting for 50.00%. Conclusions The positive rate of ESBL of Escherichia coli in Anning is relatively high. CXT-M gene is the dominant genotype. The isolates carrying multiple ESBL genes show a gradual increase trend,and the main type is I integron.

    Drug resistance and virulence distribution characteristics of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in a hospital
    GUO Wei, HUANG Jianghua, WU Bei, CHEN Fang, HE Xiaohua
    2020, 35(12):  1267-1271.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.015
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    Objective To understand the drug resistance and virulence distribution characteristics of different kinds of Enterococci isolated from the clinical specimens in Santai People's Hospital of Mianyang City. Methods Microdilution-based drug sensitivity test was used to determine the drug resistance of 485 isolates of Enterococcus faecium and 404 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis to 20 commonly used antibiotics. The 9 virulence genes(esp,acm,ace,hyl,asa1,gelE,cylA,efaA and cpd) of the isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis had various levels of drug resistance to the 20 antimicrotics,and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus were determined. They have different rates and profiles of antimicrobial resistance. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus detection rates of the 2 groups were 9.7%(47/485) and 1.2%(5/404),respectively(χ2=28.597,P<0.001). Compared with vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecium,the detection rates of virulence genes,esp,acm and hyl,in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were higher(χ2=28.157,17.391 and 18.311,P<0.001). Both VRE had high carrying rates of virulence genes and carried at least 2 virulence genes,but the carrying rates,types and patterns of virulence genes were not different significantly. Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus have high drug resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics,and have evolved to be highly virulent. The virulence of Enterococcus faecium has increased,and it is necessary for the hospital to attach importance and strengthen measures to prevent and control them.

    Clinical role of serum ICTP and MMP-2 in acute myocardial infarction
    LI Ying, CAI Qin, ZHANG Weiwei, WANG Baoli, LI Chenhui
    2020, 35(12):  1272-1276.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.016
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    Objective To investigate the clinical role of serum matrix metalloprotein(MMP)-2 and typeⅠcollagen carboxyl terminal peptide(ICTP) in acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods Totally,120 patients with AMI were enrolled,and they were classified into mild group(Gensini score 0-7,36 cases),moderate group(Gensini score 8-14,54 cases),severe group(Gensini score 14,30 cases),and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. The general data and laboratory determination results,including sex,age,body mass index(BMI),smoking history,mean arterial pressure(MAP),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),etc.,were collected. The hypertension history,diabetes mellitus history,Gensini score and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) results of AMI patients were collected. The serum levels of ICTP and MMP-2 were determined. Results There was no statistical significance in the general data(sex,age,BMI,MAP,LDL-C,TG and smoking history) between healthy control group and AMI group(P>0.05). The levels of serum ICTP and MMP-2 in AMI group were higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.001). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under curves(AUC) of ICTP and MMP-2 were 0.862 and 0.887,the optimal cut-off values were 6.4 and 3.6 ng/mL,the sensitivities were 81.67% and 85.00%,the specificities were 83.33% and 83.33%,respectively. The AUC of ICTP combined with MMP-2 was 0.978,the sensitivity was 96.67%,and the specificity was 95.00%. The Gensini score and serum cTnT,ICTP,MMP-2 levels of mild stenosis group,moderate stenosis group and severe stenosis group were increased in turn,and there was statistical significance among the 3 groups(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in the other indexes between the 2 groups(P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum ICTP and MMP-2 were positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.862 and 0.858,P<0.001). Conclusions Serum ICTP and MMP-2 play roles in AMI,which can be used for AMI diagnosis and condition evaluation.

    Diagnostic roles of HNL,PCT and TRAIL in bloodstream infection of patients with hematological diseases
    LIU Ruilai, SHANG Anquan, GUAN Ming
    2020, 35(12):  1277-1280.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.017
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    Objective To evaluate the diagnostic roles of human neutrophil lipocalin(HNL),procalcitonin(PCT) and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) in patients with hematological diseases. Methods A total of 120 blood culture-positive hematologic patients(blood stream infection group) and 120 blood culture-negative hematologic patients(non-blood stream infection group) were enrolled,and the levels of HNL,PCT and TRAIL were determined. The efficiency of each index in diagnosing blood stream infection was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results The levels of HNL and PCT were higher in bloodstream infection group than those in non-bloodstream infection group(P<0.000 1),and the level of TRAIL was lower than that in non-bloodstream infection group(P<0.000 1). Logistic regression analysis was used to list the combined determination models of HNL,PCT and TRAIL,and ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of HNL,PCT,TRAIL and the combined determination models for blood stream infection were 0.993,0.849,0.938 and 0.996,respectively,and the optimal cut-off values were 60.15 ng/mL,0.85 ng/mL,104.57 pg/mL,0.34,with the sensitivities of 100%,61.7%,90.8% and 100% and the specificities of 97.5%,91.7%,84.2% and 98.4%,respectively. Conclusions HNL,PCT and TRAIL play roles in the diagnosis of bloodstream infection in hematologic patients.

    Roles of 2 SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in the diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019
    HU Yan, SHEN Ge, LI Qiong, ZENG Ziyan, , YANG Gang, LI Ping, CHEN Yufeng, ZHANG Zhen, XIE Xiaobing
    2020, 35(12):  1294-1297.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.022
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    Objective To determine the immunoglobulin G(IgG) and IgM antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) by chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Methods A total of 116 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 and 346 patients without COVID-19 were enrolled,and serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were determined by chemiluminescence and ELISA,respectively. Results The sensitivities,specificities and accuracies of chemiluminescence and ELISA determining serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG were 90.52% and 63.79%,98.84% and 96.53%,96.75% and 88.31%,respectively. The sensitivities,specificities and accuracies of determining serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM were 75.86% and 58.62%,99.42% and 97.4%,96.86% and 87.66%,respectively. Conclusions The determinations of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies by chemiluminescence and ELISA have high sensitivities,specificities and accuracies. Clinical laboratories may choose suitable method according to actual situation.

    External quality assessment for bacterium identification by mass spectrometry from 2015 to 2019 in Shanghai and several regions
    ZHANG Minmin, WANG Jinhua, GE Ping, WANG Qinzhong, XU Rong, LIU Xuejie, CUI Lin, QIAN Chenkai, XIA Qihang, CHEN Rong
    2020, 35(12):  1301-1303.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.024
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    Objective To study the quality of mass spectrometry(MS) bacterium identification of medical laboratories in Shanghai and several regions. Methods The feedback results of MS bacterium identification external quality assessment in Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory(SCCL) from 2015 to 2017 were collected,and the consistency of bacterium identification was analyzed. Results The number of laboratories participating SCCL microbial MS bacterium identification external quality assessment increased from 10 in 2015 to 40 in 2019. The qualification rate remained 100.0% during the 5 years. A total of 50 isolates of bacteria were delivered(covering 27 genera and 43 species). The consistency rate was 100.0%. The isolates with incorrect identification results included Aeromonas veronii,Aeromonas sobria,Staphylococcus intermedius,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae,and the consistency rates were 60%,94.4%,95.5%,89.7% and 92.5%,respectively. Conclusions The number of laboratories,mainly in Grade 3 hospitals,setting MS bacterium identification in Shanghai and several regions,increases year by year. The overall detection ability and accuracy are good and high,while some laboratories' performance still should be improved. Quality control in clinical laboratories is essential to assure accuracy.

    Research progress of sialic acid markers in tumor occurrence and development
    BIE Lihan, FANG Meng, LU Zhicheng, GAO Chunfang
    2020, 35(12):  1304-1309.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.025
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    In the occurrence and development of tumors,the abnormal expression of sialyltransferase can regulate the biological characteristics of tumor cells. Abnormal sialylation can enhance the adhesion and metastasis ability of tumor cells,and can enhance tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The abnormal expression of sialyltransferase is also related to the tissue and organ specificity of tumor metastasis. Sialic acid-modified glycoproteins with abnormal structures are of value in the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of tumors,which makes it possible to find new tumor markers. This review introduces the related mechanisms of sialylation affecting tumor occurrence and development in the recent years and the role of serum sialic acid markers in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.

    Evolutionary tree and its application in the analysis of bacterial kinship
    CHI Wenjing, LIU Yixin, WANG Su, LIU Tao, ZHAO Hu, ZHANG Yanmei
    2020, 35(12):  1310-1314.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.12.026
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    As the development and application of biological technology,many unknown bacteria have been identified gradually. Meanwhile,with environment changing,some known pathogenic bacteria have evolved new phenotypes involved in pathopoiesia or resistance. In the face of growing threats,carrying out research in bacteria evolution and its relationship with classical pathogens and exploring the emerging mechanisms of new pathogen or new phenotypes would provide a reference for the prevention and controlling of pathogens. Because the genome carries all the genetic information of a species,the research based on the bacterial genome analysis would present a more realistic evolutionary process. Especially,the development of the molecular biotechnology,such as sequencing,will provide powerful tools for understanding the evolutionary process and mechanisms and their genetic traits and functional characteristics of bacteria.

    Research status and progress of influenza viruses
    MA Zhou, GUAN Ming, XING Zhifang, CAO Guojun
    2020, 35(12):  1315-1319.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2020.012.027
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    Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza viruses,which occurs frequently in spring and autumn. Because of the gene variations and unpredictable recombination of influenza viruses,it is easy to mutate to produce a new type of influenza virus variant. In addition,avian influenza viruses(AIV) frequently infect human directly from poultry cross species,even have caused a global pandemic,laying a hidden danger for human health and public health safety. In the recent years,much progress has been made in the research of influenza viruses. This review focuses on the etiology,clinical symptoms and mode of transmission,pathogenic mechanism,detection methods and treatment plan of influenza viruses.