| [1] |
FERENCE B A, GINSBERG H N, GRAHAM I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic,epidemiologic,and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel[J]. Eur Heart J, 2017, 38(32):2459-2472.
DOI
URL
|
| [2] |
国家心血管病中心,中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写组. 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2024概要[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2025, 40(6):521-559.
|
| [3] |
VIRANI S S, ASPRY K, DIXON D L, et al. The importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement and control as performance measures:a joint clinical perspective from the National Lipid Association and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology[J]. J Clin Lipidol, 2023, 17(2):208-218.
DOI
URL
|
| [4] |
PATEL S B, WYNE K L, AFREEN S, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice guideline on pharmacologic management of adults with dyslipidemia[J]. Endocr Pract, 2025, 31(2):236-262.
DOI
PMID
|
| [5] |
中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会, 王增武, 李建军, 等. 中国血脂管理指南(基层版2024年)[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2024, 52(4):330-337.
|
| [6] |
FRIEDEWALD W T, LEVY R I, FREDRICKSON D S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma,without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge[J]. Clin Chem, 1972, 18(6):499-502.
DOI
URL
|
| [7] |
SUGIUCHI H, IRIE T, UJI Y, et al. Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate[J]. Clin Chem, 1998, 44(3):522-531.
PMID
|
| [8] |
MARTIN S S, BLAHA M J, ELSHAZLY M B, et al. Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile[J]. JAMA, 2013, 310(19):2061-2068.
DOI
PMID
|
| [9] |
SAMPSON M, LING C, SUN Q, et al. A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia[J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2020, 5(5):540-548.
DOI
PMID
|
| [10] |
SAJJA A, PARK J, SATHIYAKUMAR V, et al. Comparison of methods to estimate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with high triglyceride levels[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2021, 4(10):e2128817.
DOI
URL
|
| [11] |
SAMPSON M, ZUBIRAN R, WOLSKA A, et al. A modified Sampson-NIH equation with improved accuracy for estimating low levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol[J]. Clin Chem, 2025, 71(11):1125-1137.
DOI
URL
|
| [12] |
SAJJA A, LI H F, SPINELLI K J, et al. Discordance between standard equations for determination of LDL cholesterol in patients with atherosclerosis[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(6):530-541.
|
| [13] |
健康中国行动推进委员会. 健康中国行动(2019—2030年)[EB/OL]. (2019-07-15)[2026-01-01]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/c100133/201907/2a6ed52f1c264203b5351bdbbadd2da8.shtml.
|
| [14] |
MACH F, BAIGENT C, CATAPANO A L, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias:lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk[J]. Eur Heart J,2020, 41(1):111-188.
DOI
URL
|
| [15] |
GRUNDY S M, STONE N J, BAILEY A L, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol:executive summary:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2019, 73(24):3168-3209.
DOI
URL
|
| [16] |
中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会, 李建军, 赵水平, 等. 中国血脂管理指南(2023年)[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2023, 38(3):237-271.
|
| [17] |
WRIGHT R S, RAAL F J, KOENIG W, et al. Inclisiran administration potently and durably lowers LDL-C over an extended-term follow-up:the ORION-8 trial[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2024, 120(12):1400-1410.
DOI
URL
|
| [18] |
PRADHAN A, BHANDARI M, VISHWAKARMA P, et al. Bempedoic acid:an emerging therapy for uncontrolled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol[J]. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis, 2023, 10(5):195.
|
| [19] |
GINSBERG H N, ROSENSON R S, HOVINGH G K, et al. LDL-C calculated by Friedewald,Martin-Hopkins,or NIH equation 2 versus beta-quantification:pooled alirocumab trials[J]. J Lipid Res, 2022, 63(1):100148.
DOI
URL
|
| [20] |
SAMUEL C, PARK J, SAJJA A, et al. Accuracy of 23 equations for estimating LDL cholesterol in a clinical laboratory database of 5 051 467 patients[J]. Glob Heart, 2023, 18(1):36.
DOI
URL
|
| [21] |
FUENTEVILLA-ÁLVAREZ G, SOTO M E, VALDIVIA J A G, et al. Comparison between the Friedewald,Martin and Sampson equations and LDL-C quantification by ultracentrifugation in a Mexican population[J]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2024, 14(12):1241.
|
| [22] |
ALPDEMIR M, ALPDEMIR M F, ŞENEŞ M. Comparison of Friedewald,Martin/Hopkins,and Sampson formulae with direct LDL measurement in hyperlipidaemic and normolipidaemic adults in a Turkish population[J]. J Med Biochem, 2024, 43(5):671-680.
DOI
URL
|
| [23] |
VASSE J, LASSARTESSE A, MARMONTEL O, et al. Assessment of three equations to calculate plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemic patients[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2023, 62(2):270-279.
DOI
PMID
|
| [24] |
LI J, XIN Y, LI J, et al. Evaluation of Sampson equation for LDL-C in acute coronary syndrome patients:a Chinese population-based cohort study[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2022, 21(1):39.
DOI
|
| [25] |
SHI B, WANG H Y, LIU J, et al. Directly measured vs. calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol does not identify additional individuals with coronary artery disease and diabetes at higher risk of adverse events:insight from a large percutaneous coronary intervention cohort in Asia[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9:932878.
DOI
URL
|
| [26] |
MOUSAVI I, SUFFREDINI J, VIRANI S S, et al. Early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease[J]. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2025, 32(2):100-112.
DOI
URL
|
| [27] |
LU Y, ZHANG H, LU J, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and availability of lipid-lowering medications among primary health care settings in China[J]. JAMA Netw Open, 2021, 4(9):e2127573.
DOI
URL
|
| [28] |
MACH F, KOSKINAS K C, ROETERS VAN LENNEP J E, et al. 2025 Focused update of the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias[J]. Atherosclerosis,2025, 409:120479.
DOI
URL
|
| [29] |
RAY K K, FERENCE B A, SÉVERIN T, et al. World heart federation cholesterol roadmap 2022[J]. Glob Heart, 2022, 17(1):75.
DOI
PMID
|