检验医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 521-529.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.06.002

• 临床血脂检测规范化专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

ASCVD患者公式法LDL-C估算结果与均相酶法LDL-C直接检测结果的一致性

王小铃1, 施清喻2, 周佳烨2, 王扣琼2, 朱晶2(), 沈逸枫2, 邵文琦2, 潘柏申2, 王蓓丽2, 郭玮2   

  1. 1 复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院检验科福建 厦门 361006
    2 复旦大学附属中山医院检验科上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-23 修回日期:2026-02-24 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 朱 晶,E-mail:zhu.jing@zs-hospital.sh.cn
  • 作者简介:王小铃,女,1995年生,硕士,检验技师,主要从事临床生化检验工作;
    施清喻,女,1996年生,博士,检验技师,主要从事临床检验工作。
    王小铃和施清喻对本研究具有同等贡献,并列为第一作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82473063);国家自然科学基金项目(82172348);厦门市医疗卫生指导性项目(3502Z20244ZD1126);上海市卫生健康系统重点学科项目(2024ZDXK0067);上海市宝山区医学重点专科项目(BSZK-2023-A18)

Consistency of the estimation results of LDL-C based on formula method and the direct determination results of LDL-C by homogeneous enzymatic method in patients with ASCVD

WANG Xiaoling1, SHI Qingyu2, ZHOU Jiaye2, WANG Kouqiong2, ZHU Jing2(), SHEN Yifeng2, SHAO Wenqi2, PAN Baishen2, WANG Beili2, GUO Wei2   

  1. 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory,Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen),Fudan UniversityXiamen 361006,Fujian, China
    2 Department of Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Hospital,Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-02-24 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-07-01

摘要:

目的 探讨动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者使用不同估算公式得出的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)结果与均相酶法(直接法)结果的相关性。方法 选取2020年1月1日—2022年12月31日复旦大学附属中山医院初诊ASCVD患者101 144例。采用均相酶法直接检测所有患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和LDL-C水平,计算非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)。同时采用Friedewald公式、Martin-Hopkins公式、Martin-Hopkins拓展公式和Sampson公式计算LDL-C值。根据TG检测结果将所有患者分为≤1.70 mmol·L-1组、>1.70~≤4.52 mmol·L-1组、>4.52~≤9.04 mmol·L-1组和>9.04 mmol·L-1组。采用决定系数(r2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对差值(MAD),以及在LDL-C治疗目标值(1.4、1.8和2.6 mmol·L-1)处分类改变的患者比例来评估公式法LDL-C估算结果与直接法LDL-C结果的差异。结果 在101 144例ASCVD患者中,Sampson公式、Martin-Hopkins公式、Martin-Hopkins拓展公式、Friedewald公式LDL-C结果与直接法LDL-C结果均相关,r2值分别为0.956 6、0.948 1、0.949 3、0.904 5,RMSE分别为0.29、0.27、0.27、0.44 mmol·L-1。随着患者TG水平的升高,各估算公式LDL-C结果与直接法LDL-C结果的r2值明显降低,RMSE、MAD明显升高。根据不同的LDL-C治疗目标值,以直接法LDL-C结果确定的ASCVD患者分类为标准,Martin-Hopkins公式和Martin-Hopkins拓展公式分类改变的患者最少(23.10%、23.11%),Friedewald公式分类改变的患者最多(34.27%),有1.4 ‰的患者分类改变幅度超过3个LDL-C治疗目标值。结论 在ASCVD患者中,Sampson公式LDL-C估算结果与直接法LDL-C检测结果相关性最高,Martin-Hopkins公式和Martin-Hopkins拓展公式次之,Friedewald公式最低。随着TG水平的升高,各估算公式与直接法LDL-C检测结果的相关性均明显下降。临床依据LDL-C目标值制定治疗决策时,应充分考虑不同公式之间LDL-C估算结果的差异。

关键词: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, Friedewald公式, Martin-Hopkins公式, Martin-Hopkins拓展公式, Sampson公式, 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the results of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) calculated using different estimation formulas and the homogeneous enzymatic method(direct method) in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD). Methods A total of 101 144 newly diagnosed ASCVD patients from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022 were enrolled. The total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and LDL-C levels were determined using the homogeneous enzymatic method,and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C) was calculated. LDL-C results were calculated using the Friedewald formula,Martin-Hopkins formula,Martin-Hopkins extended formula and Sampson formula. All the patients were classified based on the TG determination results:≤1.70 mmol·L-1 group,>1.70-≤4.52 mmol·L-1 group,>4.52-≤9.04 mmol·L-1 group and >9.04 mmol·L-1 group. The determination coefficient(r2),root mean square error(RMSE) and mean absolute difference(MAD),as well as the proportion of patients whose classification changed at the LDL-C treatment target values(1.4,1.8 and 2.6 mmol·L-1),were used to evaluate the differences in LDL-C estimation results between the formula method and the direct method. Results Among the 101 144 ASCVD patients,the Sampson formula,Martin-Hopkins formula,Martin-Hopkins extended formula and Friedewald formula were all correlated with the direct method,with r2 values of 0.956 6,0.948 1,0.949 3 and 0.904 5,respectively,and RMSE values of 0.29,0.27,0.27 and 0.44 mmol·L-1,respectively. As the TG level of patients increased,the r2 values of each estimation formula and the direct method decreased,and the RMSE and MAD increased. According to different LDL-C treatment target values,the classification of ASCVD patients based on the direct method LDL-C results was used as the standard,and the proportion of patients whose classification changed was the lowest for the Martin-Hopkins formula and Martin-Hopkins extended formula(23.10% and 23.11%),and the highest for the Friedewald formula(34.27%). The 1.4‰ of patients had a classification change amplitude exceeding 3 LDL-C treatment target values. Conclusions In ASCVD patients,the correlation between LDL-C estimation results of the Sampson formula and LDL-C determination results of the direct method is the highest,followed by the Martin-Hopkins formula and Martin-Hopkins extended formula,and the lowest is the Friedewald formula. As the TG level increases,the correlation between estimation formula and direct method results decreases. Therefore,when making treatment decisions based on LDL-C treatment target values in clinical practice,the differences in LDL-C estimation results among different formulas should be fully considered.

Key words: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Friedewald formula, Martin-Hopkins formula, Martin-Hopkins extended formula, Sampson formula, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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