检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 782-788.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.08.010

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同年龄难治性支原体肺炎患儿支气管镜治疗后T细胞亚群变化特点及其与疾病转归的关系

刘梦莹, 郑武田(), 方辉, 魏守缙   

  1. 合肥市第二人民医院和平路院区儿科,安徽 合肥 233500
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 修回日期:2024-12-25 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 郑武田,E-mail:2727424341@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘梦莹,女,1988年生,硕士,主治医师,主要从事儿内科相关疾病的诊治工作。

Characteristics of T-cell subset changes after bronchoscopy in children of different ages with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their relationship with disease outcomes

LIU Mengying, ZHENG Wutian(), FANG Hui, WEI Shoujin   

  1. Department of Pediatrics,Heping Road Branch,Hefei Second People's Hospital,Hefei 233500,Anhui,China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Revised:2024-12-25 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-08-28

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(RMPP)支气管镜治疗后T细胞亚群变化特点及其与疾病转归的关系。方法 选取2021年7月—2023年4月合肥市第二人民医院RMPP患儿126例,根据患儿年龄的中位数(4岁)分为≤4岁组(63例)和>4岁组(63例)。收集所有患儿的一般资料,并检测所有患儿支气管镜治疗前和治疗后7 d的白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、D-二聚体(DD)、T细胞亚群[CD3+T细胞百分比(CD3+%)、CD4+T细胞百分比(CD4+%)、CD8+T细胞百分比(CD8+%),计算CD4+/CD8+比值]、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、IgA、IgG、IgM、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评估各项指标与RMPP患儿疾病转归的关系。结果 >4岁组治疗后CD3+%、CD4+%和CD4+/CD8+比值均高于≤4岁组(P<0.05),血清IgG、IgM、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10水平和CD8+%均低于≤4岁组(P<0.05)。调整混杂因素(年龄、WBC计数、NEUT%、CRP、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10)后,治疗后7 d CD4+/CD8+比值与RMPP患儿疾病转归呈独立相关[比值比(OR)=0.63,95%可信区间(CI)为0.45~0.84]。根据RMPP患儿CD4+/CD8+比值的中位数(1.53)进行二分位分组,与低CD4+/CD8+比值的RMPP患儿比较,高CD4+/CD8+比值的RMPP患儿发生不良转归的风险降低26%(OR=0.74)。对CD4+/CD8+比值进行五分位分组,以Q1组为对照,Q2组、Q3组、Q4组和Q5组发生不良转归的风险分别降低19%(OR=0.81)、27%(OR=0.73)、34%(OR=0.66)、57%(OR=0.43)。与NEUT%≥54.76%组比较,NEUT%<54.76%组CD4+/CD8+比值与RMPP患儿疾病转归的相关性更强(P交互=0.013)。结论 支气管镜治疗可显著改善RMPP患儿的细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能。治疗后CD4+/CD8+比值与RMPP患儿病情转归有关,高CD4+/CD8+比值可降低RMPP患儿不良转归的风险,在NEUT%≥54.76%的RMPP患儿中,这一相关性更为明显。

关键词: T细胞亚群, CD4+/CD8+比值, 难治性肺炎支原体肺炎, 支气管镜, 儿童

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of T-cell subset changes in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP) after bronchoscopy and their relationship with disease outcomes. Methods A total of 126 children with RMPP in Hefei Second People's Hospital from July 2021 to April 2023 were enrolled and classified into ≤4-year-old group(63 cases) and >4-year-old group(63 cases) based on the median age(4-year-old). The general data were collected,and white blood cell(WBC) count,neutrophil percentage(NEUT%),C-reactive protein(CRP),D-dimer(DD),T-cell subsets [percentage of CD3+T cells(CD3+%),percentage of CD4+T cells(CD4+%),percentage of CD8+T cells(CD8+%) and the ratio of CD4+-to-CD8+(CD4+/CD8+ ratio)],lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),IgA,IgG,IgM,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-10(IL-10) were determined before and 7 d after treatment. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between various indicators and the disease outcomes of RMPP children. Results After treatment,the CD3+%,CD4+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in >4-year-old group were higher than those in ≤4-year-old group(P<0.05),while the levels of serum IgG,IgM,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-10 and CD8+% were lower than those in ≤4-year-old group(P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors(age,WBC count,NEUT%,CRP,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-10),the CD4+/CD8+ ratio for 7 d after treatment was independently associated with the disease outcomes of RMPP children [odds ratio(OR)=0.63,95% confidence interval(CI) 0.45-0.84]. According to the median CD4+/CD8+ ratio(1.53) of RMPP children,those with a high CD4+/CD8+ ratio had a 26% lower risk of adverse outcome than those with a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio(OR=0.74). When the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was divided into quintiles,the risk of adverse outcome in the Q2,Q3,Q4 and Q5 groups was reduced by 19%(OR=0.81),27%(OR=0.73),34%(OR=0.66) and 57%(OR=0.43),respectively,compared with the Q1 group. Compared with the NEUT% ≥54.76% group,the correlation between the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and disease outcomes was stronger in the NEUT% <54.76% group(Pinteraction=0.013). Conclusions Bronchoscopy can improve some cellular and humoral immune indicators in RMPP children. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio after treatment in RMPP children is related to disease outcomes,and a high CD4+/CD8+ ratio can reduce the risk of adverse outcome in RMPP children,especially in those with NEUT%≥54.76%.

Key words: T-cell subset, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, Bronchoscopy, Children

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