检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 698-702.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.07.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

急性腹泻患儿常见病原微生物分布特征和相关危险因素

沈罡1, 吴柳云2   

  1. 1.兰溪市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,浙江 兰溪 321100
    2.兰溪市兰溪瑞康医院检验科,浙江 兰溪 321102
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-01 修回日期:2024-04-16 出版日期:2025-07-30 发布日期:2025-07-28
  • 作者简介:沈罡,男,1986年生,学士,主管技师,主要从事病原微生物检验工作。

Distribution characteristics of common pathogenic microorganism and risk factors of acute diarrhea in children

SHEN Gang1, WU Liuyun2   

  1. 1. Department of Microorganism Examination,Lanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanxi 321100,Zhejiang,China
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Lanxi Ruikang Hospital,Lanxi 321102,Zhejiang,China
  • Received:2024-02-01 Revised:2024-04-16 Online:2025-07-30 Published:2025-07-28

摘要:

目的 分析急性腹泻患儿常见病原微生物分布特征和相关危险因素,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法 收集2021年4月—2023年4月兰溪市兰溪瑞康医院112例急性腹泻患儿(腹泻组)和112名行体检的无急性腹泻健康儿童(对照组)粪便样本 。分析急性腹泻患儿常见病原微生物分布特征。比较腹泻组和对照组一般资料和卫生习惯等相关信息差异。采用Logistic回归分析评估儿童发生急性腹泻的危险因素。结果 112例急性腹泻患儿粪便样本病原阳性检出率为74.11%(83/112),其中病毒阳性检出率为59.82%(67/112),细菌阳性检出率为14.29%(16/112);病毒以轮状病毒为主,细菌以沙门菌为主。除性别和父母受教育程度外,腹泻组和对照组年龄、卫生习惯等基本信息差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≤2岁、未及时处理剩饭、餐具未消毒、未勤剪指甲、室内有苍蝇或蟑螂、儿童饭前未洗手、儿童便后未洗手、使用抗菌药物、吮指习惯、生食是儿童发生急性腹泻的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 急性腹泻患儿以肠道病毒感染为主,以轮状病毒感染多见;对于年龄≤2岁的儿童,应特别注意饮食卫生和手卫生,以预防急性腹泻的发生。

关键词: 细菌, 病毒, 急性腹泻, 儿童, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of common pathogenic microorganism and risk factors of acute diarrhea in children. Methods A total of 112 children with acute diarrhea and 112 healthy children in Lanxi Ruikang Hospital were retrospectively enrolled as diarrhea group and control group from April 2021 to April 2023,respectively. The distribution characteristics of common pathogenic microorganism in children with acute diarrhea were analyzed. The differences in relevant information such as general data and hygiene habits were compared between the 2 groups. The risk factors of acute diarrhea were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 83 positive samples in the 112 clinical samples,with positive determination rate of 74.11%(83/112). In infectious diarrhea,the determination rate of viral infection was the highest,and there were 67 isolates of enterovirus,with positive determination rate of 59.82%(67/112). Rotavirus was the main virus. There were 16 isolates of bacteria,with positive determination rate of 14.29%(16/112),and Salmonella was the main bacterium. There was statistical significance in patients' ages and hygiene habits between the 2 groups(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in gender and parental education level(P>0.05). Age ≤2 years,delayed disposal of leftovers,tableware non-disinfection,non-frequent nail trimming,flies or cockroaches in rooms,children's hand non-washing before meals and after using toilets,antibiotic usage,finger-sucking habit and omophagia were independent risk factors of acute diarrhea in children(P<0.05). Conclusions Children with acute diarrhea are mainly infected with enteroviruses,and rotavirus infection is common. For children aged ≤2 years,special attention should be paid to food hygiene and hand hygiene to prevent the occurrence of acute diarrhea.

Key words: Bacterium, Virus, Acute diarrhea, Children, Risk factor

中图分类号: