检验医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 487-492.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.05.012

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年承德地区手足口病流行病学和病原学特征分析

郭与珈, 刘新儒(), 韩会强, 刘文涛, 魏峰   

  1. 承德市疾病预防控制中心 承德市卫生监督所,河北 承德 067000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2026-05-30 发布日期:2026-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘新儒,E-mail:459240867@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:郭与珈,女,1994年生,学士,主管检验师,主要从事传染病的预防与控制研究。

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chengde from 2014 to 2023

GUO Yujia, LIU Xinru(), HAN Huiqiang, LIU Wentao, WEI Feng   

  1. Chengde City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengde City Health Supervision Institute,Chengde 067000,Hebei,China
  • Received:2024-12-03 Revised:2025-05-08 Online:2026-05-30 Published:2026-05-29

摘要:

目的 分析2014—2023年承德地区手足口病(HFMD)流行病学和病原学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2014—2023年承德地区HFMD病例信息和承德地区免疫规划信息管理系统的数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析三间分布、病原学变化趋势和疫苗接种情况。结果 2014—2023年承德地区共报告HFMD病例22 142例,年均报告发病率63.32/10万,总体呈现波动下降趋势 (χ2=6 464.31,P<0.01);报告重症病例16例,无死亡病例。发病高峰期主要集中在每年6—8月,10—11月有小幅度上升,形成次高峰期。男性报告发病率(74.05/10万)高于女性(52.11/10万)(χ2=664.42,P<0.01)。发病年龄主要集中在5岁及以下,以1~2岁幼儿报告发病率最高。发病人群以散居儿童为主(66.63%)。发病率居前3位的地区分别为双桥区(99.87/10万)、双滦区(98.95/10万)和宽城县(84.49/10万)。病原学监测结果显示,肠道病毒71型所占比例骤降,其他类型肠道病毒逐渐成为优势毒株。肠道病毒71型疫苗接种率呈逐年上升趋势(χ2=31 632.25,P<0.01),但整体接种率仅为3.71%。结论 承德地区HFMD发病有明显人群、季节、地区差异,肠道病毒71型和柯萨奇病毒A16不再是主要病原体,应重视病原型别的变化趋势,加强其他肠道病毒的分型检测,同时加强HFMD高发地区和重点人群的疫苗接种推广和防控知识普及工作。

关键词: 手足口病, 流行病学特征, 发病率, 病原学, 承德地区

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Chengde from 2014 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods By collecting the case information of HFMD in Chengde from 2014 to 2023 in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the data from the Chengde Immunization Planning Information Management System,descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the three-dimensional distribution,etiological change trend and vaccination status. Results A total of 22 142 HFMD cases were reported in Chengde from 2014 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 63.32/100 000,showing a fluctuating downward trend (χ2=6 464.31,P<0.01). Totally,16 severe cases were reported,and no death occurred. The peak period of HFMD mainly occurred from June to August,with a small increase from October to November,forming a secondary peak. The incidence rate of males(74.05/100 000)was higher than that of females(52.11/100 000)(χ2= 664.42,P<0.01). The age of onset was mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old,with the highest incidence rate in children aged 1-2 years. The majority was scattered children(66.63%). The top 3 regions in terms of incidence were Shuangqiao District(99.87/100 000),Shuangluan District(98.95/100 000)and Kuancheng County(84.49/100 000). The proportion of enterovirus 71 decreased sharply,while other enteroviruses became the dominant strains. The vaccination rate of enterovirus 71 vaccine showed an upward trend year by year(χ2=31 632.25,P<0.01),but the overall vaccination rate was only 3.71%. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in Chengde has obvious differences in population,season and region. Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 are no longer the main pathogens. Attention should be paid to the changing trend of pathogen types,strengthen the typing determination of other enteroviruses,and strengthen the promotion of vaccines and the popularization of prevention and control knowledge in high-incidence areas and key populations.

Key words: Hand-foot-mouth disease, Epidemiological characteristic, Incidence rate, Etiology, Chengde

中图分类号: