检验医学 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 525-529.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2018.06.014

• 临床应用研究?论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

某院嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的感染临床特征、分离率及耐药性变迁分析

陆桃红, 张庆芳, 朱晓丽, 袁单丹, 李忻   

  1. 泰州市人民医院微生物室,江苏 泰州 225300
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-30 出版日期:2018-06-30 发布日期:2018-07-06
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:陆桃红,女,1973年生,学士,副主任技师,主要从事临床微生物检验工作。

    通信作者:张庆芳,联系电话:0523-86606791。

Clinical characteristics,isolation rate and drug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

LU Taohong, ZHANG Qingfang, ZHU Xiaoli, YUAN Dandan, LI Xin   

  1. Microbiological Laboratory,Taizhou People's Hospital,Taizhou 225300,Jiangsu,China
  • Received:2017-06-30 Online:2018-06-30 Published:2018-07-06

摘要:

目的 了解泰州市人民医院嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的感染危险因素、感染临床特征、分离率及耐药性变迁情况,为临床预防和治疗嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌感染提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月—2016年12月泰州市人民医院微生物室非重复分离出的313株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌感染的病例资料及药物敏感性试验数据。结果 313例感染患者按样本来源分为呼吸道感染260例,非呼吸道感染53例;病区分布以呼吸内科为主。高龄、抗菌药物长期使用、原发肺部基础疾病等为主要感染高危因素;2012—2016年每年分离出嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌占当年分离出的革兰阴性杆菌的比例分别为5.3%(97/1 831)、3.2%(59/1 818)、3.7%(60/1 616)、2.3%(51/2 212)和1.5%(46/3 028),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。313株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对复方磺胺甲噁唑、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、头孢他啶、替卡西林-克拉维酸、氯霉素的耐药率分别为29.6%、20.4%、3.8%、68.9%、44.4%和20.9%,2012—2016年菌株对头孢他啶的耐药率上升,对复方磺胺甲噁唑、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、替卡西林-克拉维酸和氯霉素的耐药率下降(P<0.001)。呼吸道样本来源菌株对头孢他啶、米诺环素和氯霉素的耐药性与非呼吸道样本来源菌株比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌感染高危因素主要为高龄、原发肺部基础疾病、广谱抗菌药物使用、气管切开和入住重症监护室等。临床应根据体外药物敏感性试验结果合理选用敏感抗菌药物进行治疗,米诺环素与其他药物联合治疗可能效果更好。

关键词: 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌, 耐药性变迁, 分布, 临床特征, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the risk factors,clinical characteristics,isolation rate and drug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection,and to provide a reference for its clinical prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 313 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were collected from January 2012 to December 2016,and their data and antibiotic susceptibility results were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 313 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were collected from 260 cases of respiratory tract infection and 53 cases of non-respiratory tract infection,and the major distribution was in Department of Respiratory. The high risk factors were old age,usage of antibiotics for long time,primary pulmonary and so on. The isolation rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from 2012 to 2016 in Gram-negative bacilli were 5.3%(97/1 831),3.2%(59/1 818),3.7%(60/1 616),2.3%(51/2 212) and 1.5%(46/3 028)(P<0.05). The drug resistance rates of 313 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia against sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,levofloxacin,minocycline,ceftazidime,ticarcillin-clavulanic acid and chloramphenicol were 29.6%,20.4%,3.8%,68.9%,44.4% and 20.9%. The drug resistance rate to ceftazidime was increased,and the drug resistance rates to the other drugs were decreased year by year(P<0.001). The drug resistance to ceftazidime,minocycline and chloramphenicol in isolates from respiratory tract samples had statistical significance compared with those from non-respiratory tract samples(P<0.05). Conclusions The risk factors of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection are old age,primary pulmonary,usage of antibiotics,tracheotomy,intensive care unit admission and so on. Rational antibiotic use is important. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection should be treated with minocycline combined with other antibiotics.

Key words: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Drug resistance, Distribution, Clinical characteristic, Risk factor

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