Laboratory Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 603-608.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.06.013

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Construction of a nomogram prediction model for secondary diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

HUANG Zhengju, CHEN Yabin(), WANG Wanni, CHEN Jintu   

  1. Department of Clinical LaboratoryQuanzhou First Hospital,Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou 362000,Fujian, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-10-29 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-07-01

Abstract:

Objective To construct a nomogram model for predicting secondary diabetic kidney disease(DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 143 patients with T2DM secondary to DKD(DKD group) and 190 patients with single T2DM(T2DM group) were enrolled from Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2024 to June 2025. The clinical data and determination results were collected. The data of 235 patients in 2024 were included in the training set,and the data of 98 patients in 2025 were included in the test set. The differences in clinical data,fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR),urinary chemical tests and formed element tests between patients with secondary DKD and patients with single T2DM in the training set were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for DKD occurrence in the training set and to construct a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of the nomogram model and its single measurement indicators in diagnosing DKD. Based on the test set data,the ROC curve and decision curve were used to validate the nomogram model. Results In the training set,there was statistical significance in hypertension history,disease duration,FBG,HbA1c,urinary chemical tests and urinary formed element tests between DKD and T2DM groups(P<0.05). The prolongation of disease duration,elevated FBG level,positive urinary protein(PRO) were independent risk factors for DKD occurrence. Each risk factor and the 2 constructed nomogram models based on risk factors(nomogram 1)and independent risk factors(nomogram 2)could effectively screen for DKD. The areas under curves(AUC) were 0.598-0.949. The AUC of the 2 nomogram models for diagnosing DKD was higher than each single indicator. The AUC for screening DKD in the test set by the 2 nomogram models was >0.900. when the risk threshold was 10%,the clinical net benefits of nomogram 1 and nomogram 2 were 0.231 and 0.221,respectively. Conclusions The constructed nomogram model can provide a reference for clinicians to quickly and intuitively assess whether T2DM patients have secondary DKD.

Key words: Diabetic kidney disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Risk factor, Nomogram model

CLC Number: