Laboratory Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 834-839.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.09.002

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Application role of serum chitinase 3-like protein 1 in diabetic nephropathy

YE Yali1, KE Qinjian1, GUO Ningyan1, ZHANG Misha1, LUO Man2, LIN Sicheng3   

  1. 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou 317100,Zhejiang, China
    2 Department of Nephrology, Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou 317100,Zhejiang, China
    3 Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017,Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-10-27 Revised:2025-06-12 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-09-29

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the application role of serum chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)levels in diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods A total of 216 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients from Sanmen People's Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were enrolled. According to the results of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR),they were classified into simple diabetes mellitus(SDM)group(121 cases),early diabetic nephropathy(EDN)group(52 cases)and clinical diabetic nephropathy(CDN)group(43 cases). The blood routine test,biochemical indicators,UACR and serum CHI3L1 levels were performed and determined. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of DN occurrence. The CHI3L1 levels were classified into 4 intervals by quartile method [Q1(<34.55 ng·mL-1),Q2(34.55-<55.11 ng·mL-1),Q3(55.11-115.50 ng·mL-1),Q4(>115.50 ng·mL-1)],and the relationship between CHI3L1 levels and the occurrence of DN was analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum CHI3L1 and other indicators. Results Compared with SDM group,both EDN and CDN groups showed higher proportions of males and patients with diabetic peripheral vascular neuropathy,as well as elevated levels of CHI3L1,serum creatinine(SCr),uric acid(UA),cystatin C(Cys C),homocysteine(Hcy)and serum amyloid A(SAA),along with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(P<0.05). EDN group also exhibited higher levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)(P<0.05). In CDN group,the proportion of patients with a history of hypertension,as well as urea and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),were increased(P<0.05). Compared with EDN group,CDN group had higher proportions of diabetic peripheral vascular neuropathy and elevated levels of CHI3L1,SCr,urea,UA,Cys C,Hcy and SAA,along with a lower eGFR(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance among the 3 groups in terms of age,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),platelet(PLT)count,or glycated hemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)(P>0.05). The Q4 of CHI3L1 and Hcy were independent risk factors for DN occurrence [odds ratios(OR)were 6.06 and 1.18,95% confidence intervals(CI)were 1.69-21.66 and 1.02-1.37,P<0.05]. Serum CHI3L1 was positively correlated with UACR,SCr,urea,Cys C,Hcy,CRP,SAA and NLR(r values were 0.570,0.339,0.285,0.484,0.177,0.232,0.166 and 0.158,P<0.05),and it was negatively correlated with eGFR(r=-0.370,P<0.05). Conclusions The serum CHI3L1 level in patients with DN is increased,and the risk of DN occurrence increases with the increase of CHI3L1 level. Serum CHI3L1 can be used as an assessment indicator for the risk of DN occurrence in T2DM patients.

Key words: Chitinase 3-like protein 1, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic nephropathy

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