检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 583-591.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.06.012

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

167 202例临床样本抗核抗体检测结果回顾性分析

王小波   

  1. 杭州艾迪康医学检验中心,浙江 杭州 310030
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-18 修回日期:2025-01-25 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-07-01
  • 作者简介:王小波,女,1980年生,学士,副主任技师,主要从事临床检验工作。

Retrospective analysis of anti-nuclear antibody determination results in 167 202 clinical specimens

WANG Xiaobo   

  1. Hangzhou Adicon Clinical Laboratories Inc.,Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang,China
  • Received:2024-10-18 Revised:2025-01-25 Online:2025-06-30 Published:2025-07-01

摘要:

目的 对抗核抗体(ANA)荧光核型、抗体滴度和特异性ANA谱的分布情况进行大样本量分析,为潜在的自身免疫性疾病(AID)患者健康管理和疾病诊疗提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年5月杭州艾迪康医学检验中心检测ANA的受检者167 202例、检测15项特异性ANA谱(简称ANAs-15)的受检者71 723例和检测7项特异性ANA谱(简称ANAs-7)的受检者65 493例。采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测ANA,采用线性免疫印迹法(LIA)检测特异性ANA谱。统计ANA的荧光模型、抗体滴度、阳性率和受检者性别、年龄特征,以及不同季度之间的差异。结果 ANA、ANAs-15和ANAs-7总阳性率分别为30.6%、12.9%和8.2%。ANA阳性率随受检者年龄的增加呈上升趋势(P<0.01),不同年龄受检者ANAs-15阳性率和ANAs-7阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥81岁女性ANA阳性率最高(47.3%),41~50岁女性ANAs-15和ANAs-7阳性率最高(18.5%和12.6%)。ANA阳性的常见荧光模型为颗粒型(AC-4、AC-5)(56.9%)、胞质颗粒型(AC-19、AC-20)(14.1%)和致密细颗粒型(AC-2)(10.7%)。ANA阳性以低滴度为主(74.3%),中滴度和高滴度分别占8.6%和17.1%。ANAs-15阳性和ANAs-7阳性的常见特异性抗体均为抗Ro52抗体、抗干燥综合征A(SS-A)抗体和抗史密斯(Sm)抗体。不同季度之间ANA、ANAs-15和ANAs-7阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ANA、ANAs-15和ANAs-7在不同性别、年龄的受检者中均有一定的阳性率,且女性阳性率稍高于男性,中老年人群,尤其是中老年女性,应关注AID的发生风险。

关键词: 抗核抗体, 间接免疫荧光法, 抗核抗体谱, 线性免疫印迹法, 自身免疫性疾病

Abstract:

Objective To conduct a large-scale analysis of the distribution of anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) fluorescence patterns,antibody titers and specific ANA profiles,and to provide a reference for health management and disease diagnosis and treatment of potential autoimmune disease(AID). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 167 202 individuals for ANA determination,71 723 individuals for 15 specific ANA profiles(referred to as ANA-15)and 65 493 individuals for 7 specific ANA profiles(referred to as ANA-7)at Hangzhou Adicon Clinical Laboratories Inc. from January 2022 to May 2023. Indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)was used to determine ANA,and line immunoassay(LIA)was used to determine specific ANA profiles. Statistics was performed on ANA fluorescence pattern,antibody titer,positive rate,gender,age characteristics and the difference between different quarters. Results The overall positive rates for ANA,ANA-15 and ANA-7 were 30.6%,12.9% and 8.2%,respectively. The ANA positive rate showed an increasing trend with age(P<0.01),while there was no statistical significance in the positive rates of ANA-15 and ANA-7 among different age groups(P>0.05). The highest ANA positive rate was found in females ≥81 years old(47.3%),and the highest positive rates for both ANA-15 and ANA-7 were found in females with 41-50 years old (18.5% and 12.6%,respectively). The common fluorescence patterns for ANA positive results were speckled(AC-4,AC-5)(56.9%),cytoplasmic speckled(AC-19,AC-20)(14.1%)and dense fine speckled(AC-2)(10.7%). ANA positivity was mainly low titer(74.3%),with medium and high titers accounting for 8.6% and 17.1%,respectively. The common specific antibodies for ANA-15 and ANA-7 positivities were anti-Ro52 antibodies,anti-Sjögren's syndrome A(SS-A)antibodies and anti-Smith(Sm)antibodies. There was no statistical significance in the positive rates of ANA,ANA-15 and ANA-7 between different seasons(P>0.05). Conclusions ANA,ANA-15 and ANA-7 have certain positive rates in individuals of different genders and ages,with slightly higher positive rates in females than males. Middle-aged and elderly populations,especially middle-aged and elderly females,should pay attention to the risk of developing AID.

Key words: Anti-nuclear antibody, Indirect immunofluorescence, Anti-nuclear antibody profile, Line immunoassay, Autoimmune disease

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