临床实验室质谱检测原理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2018.01.0001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质谱（MS）技术具有较高的特异性、灵敏度及可同时检测多个化合物的能力,对其的应用正成为临床实验室一个快速发展的领域。目前,已有多种MS分析仪应用于临床实验室,其检测性能正在快速提升。文章对MS技术作了基本介绍,包括临床实验室MS检测的相关仪器、电离技术及样品制备等,并就临床实验室开展MS检测所面临的挑战及应用前景进行探讨。

关键词: 临床实验室, 质谱技术, 检测原理

Abstract:

Mass spectrometry （MS） is a fast growing area in clinical laboratories due to its exceptional specificity,high sensitivity and ability to detect multiple compounds simultaneously. Several types of mass spectrometers are being used in clinical laboratories globally. As a result,tremendous improvements in assay performance are in process. This review is intended as a basic introduction to MS and describes the history of MS in clinical laboratories,instrumentation,ionization techniques and sample preparation. The review also discusses challenges to implementation in clinical laboratories and discussions on future instrumentation and future uses of MS.

Key words: Clinical Laboratory, Mass spectrometry, Assay principle

中图分类号:

R446.5

张岩, ThomasJackson. 临床实验室质谱检测原理[J]. 检验医学, 2018, 33(1): 1-9.

ZHANG Yan, Thomas Jackson. Clinical mass spectrometry：principles of mass spectrometry for clinical laboratories[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2018, 33(1): 1-9.

图/表 3

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名称	色谱法	待测物类别	待测物分子质量	优点	缺点
EI	GC	非极性,可挥发	低-中	质量谱重复性高	与LC不兼容
CI	GC	非极性,可挥发	低-中	GC兼容样品信息	与LC不兼容
ESI	LC,SFC,CE	极性	中-高	与许多生物样品兼容	受限于电离抑制
APCI	LC,SFC,CE	极性、极性较小	较低-中	较ESI稳定	不及ESI敏感
APPI	LC, SFC, CE	含芳香基团	较低-中	高信噪比	只能用于含芳香基团物质的检测

名称	色谱法	待测物类别	待测物分子质量	优点	缺点
EI	GC	非极性,可挥发	低-中	质量谱重复性高	与LC不兼容
CI	GC	非极性,可挥发	低-中	GC兼容样品信息	与LC不兼容
ESI	LC,SFC,CE	极性	中-高	与许多生物样品兼容	受限于电离抑制
APCI	LC,SFC,CE	极性、极性较小	较低-中	较ESI稳定	不及ESI敏感
APPI	LC, SFC, CE	含芳香基团	较低-中	高信噪比	只能用于含芳香基团物质的检测

样品制备技术	优点	缺点	样品适用性
稀释后直接进样	简单、成本低廉、快速	清除不彻底、非选择性、样品需稀释	尿液
蛋白沉淀	简单、成本低廉、快速	极低选择性、无法消除基质干扰	血液、血浆、血清
液-液萃取	具有分析物类别特异性、可放大浓度	难以实现自动化	尿液、血浆、血清、唾液
固相萃取法去除蛋白质及脂质	简单、快速（如实现自动化）、易于开发、可放大浓度、清除彻底	极低选择性	血液、血浆、血清
固相萃取	简单、快速（如实现自动化）、易于开发、可放大浓度、清除彻底	方法开发复杂、耗材成本最高	所有种类样品
固相萃取	快速（如实现自动化）、回收率高、具分析物类别特异性、可放大浓度	方法开发复杂、耗材成本最高	所有种类样品

样品制备技术	优点	缺点	样品适用性
稀释后直接进样	简单、成本低廉、快速	清除不彻底、非选择性、样品需稀释	尿液
蛋白沉淀	简单、成本低廉、快速	极低选择性、无法消除基质干扰	血液、血浆、血清
液-液萃取	具有分析物类别特异性、可放大浓度	难以实现自动化	尿液、血浆、血清、唾液
固相萃取法去除蛋白质及脂质	简单、快速（如实现自动化）、易于开发、可放大浓度、清除彻底	极低选择性	血液、血浆、血清
固相萃取	简单、快速（如实现自动化）、易于开发、可放大浓度、清除彻底	方法开发复杂、耗材成本最高	所有种类样品
固相萃取	快速（如实现自动化）、回收率高、具分析物类别特异性、可放大浓度	方法开发复杂、耗材成本最高	所有种类样品