检验医学 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 1055-1060.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2016.12.010

• 临床应用研究·论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市某教学医院2010至2014年铜绿假单胞菌耐药性变迁分析

舒文, 钱颖, 刘庆中   

  1. 上海交通大学附属第一人民医院检验科,上海 201620
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-27 出版日期:2016-12-25 发布日期:2016-12-29
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:舒 文,女,1983年生,硕士,主治医师,主要从事细菌耐药性研究。

    通讯作者:刘庆中,联系电话:021-37798212。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81371872)

Drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a teaching hospital from 2010 to 2014

SHU Wen, QIAN Ying, LIU Qingzhong   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai First People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 201620,China
  • Received:2016-01-27 Online:2016-12-25 Published:2016-12-29

摘要:

目的 了解铜绿假单胞菌(PAE)的耐药性变迁情况,分析其耐药性与抗菌药物使用量的关系,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 收集2010年1月至2014年12月从各种临床样本中分离的PAE 790株,采用纸片扩散法检测PAE对12种常用抗菌药物的敏感性,并统计抗菌药物的使用强度(AUD),用SPSS 16.0软件分析数据间的相关性。结果 近5年,PAE对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦的耐药率从2010年的33.1%下降到2014年的16.5%(P<0.05),美罗培南、亚胺培南从2010年的42.3%、39.6%下降到2014年的17.2%、19.0%(P<0.05),阿米卡星、庆大霉素从2010年的13.8%、39.9%下降到2014年的6.8%、17.1%(P<0.05)。多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌(MDRP)检出率呈下降趋势,以2011年的7.5%为最高。碳青霉烯耐药组PAE对其他多种抗菌药物的耐药性均高于碳青霉烯敏感组,且MDRP检出率也明显高于碳青霉烯敏感组(P<0.05)。普通病房与重症监护病房(ICU)MDRP的检出率无明显差异。MDRP对于哌拉西林-他唑巴坦的耐药率(39.5%)明显低于对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率(分别为63.2%、68.4%,P<0.05)。碳青霉烯类药物的AUD与PAE的耐药率存在相关性(r=0.961,P<0.05)。结论 5年间PAE对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素的耐药率呈下降趋势;哌拉西林-他唑巴坦可作为治疗MDRP的首选药物;碳青霉烯类药物使用量与PAE的耐药性有显著相关性。加强医院感染的防控以及抗菌药物的合理使用是减少MDRP产生的有效手段。

关键词: 铜绿假单胞菌, 耐药性, 抗菌药物, 多重耐药, 使用强度

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAE) and the correlation between antibiotic usage and drug resistance,in order to provide a reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics.Methods A total of 790 isolates of PAE were collected from January 2010 to December 2014. Kirby-Bauer method was performed for determining the drug susceptibility of PAE to 12 commonly-used antibiotics,and the antibiotics use density(AUD) were counted. The correlation between drug resistance and AUD was analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Results In the past 5 years,the drug resistance rate of PAE to piperacillin-tazobactam decreased from 33.1% in 2010 to 16.5% in 2014(P<0.05),those to meropenem and imipenem decreased from 42.3% and 39.6% in 2010 to 17.2% and 19.0% in 2014(P<0.05),and those to amikacin and gentamicin decreased from 13.8% and 39.9% in 2010 to 6.8% and 17.1% in 2014(P<0.05). The determination rate of multi-drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDRP) was on the decline,and that in 2011(7.5%) was the highest. Carbapenem-resistant group was more frequently resistant to the other antibiotics than carbapenem-susceptible group,and the determination rate of MDRP was also higher(P< 0.05). There was no statistical significance in determination rates of MDRP between intensive care unit(ICU) and public wards. The drug resistance rate of MDRP to piperacillin-tazobactam(39.5%) was lower than those to imipenem(63.2%) and meropenem(68.4%)(P<0.05). A correlation was observed between AUD and PAE drug resistance rate(r=0.961,P<0.05). Conclusions The drug resistance rates of PAE to piperacillin-tazobactam,meropenem,imipenem,amikacin and gentamicin show a downside in the past 5 years,piperacillin-tazobactam could be used as a good choice for the treatment of MDRP. There is a correlation between PAE drug resistance and carbapenem consumption. The prevention and control measures for nosocomial infection and the rational use of antibiotics are effective means to reduce MDRP.

Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Drug resistance, Antibiotics, Multi-drug resistance, Antibiotics use density

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