Laboratory Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1101-1107.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2024.11.013

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Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and traditional methods in central nervous system infection

SHANG Yuanjiang1, ZHU Guoqing1, ZHANG Lei2, SHEN Dandan2, PAN Qiuhui1()   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200127,China
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital,Shanghai 200072,China
  • Received:2024-01-09 Revised:2024-04-02 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-11-29
  • Contact: PAN Qiuhui

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in central nervous system infection(CNSI),and to study the distribution of common pathogens of CNSI in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Methods A total of 81 patients in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from November 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled. The patients were classified into CNSI group (34 cases) and non-CNSI group (47 cases),and all the patients were tested with cerebrospinal fluid routine test,biochemistry determination,mNGS and traditional methods (cerebrospinal fluid smear and microbial culture),and the differences between mNGS and traditional methods were compared. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of mNGS and traditional methods in diagnosing CNSI. Results For pathogen identification,there was no statistical significance in the determination of bacteria and fungi between mNGS and traditional methods (P>0.05),but there was statistical significance in the determination of viruses(P<0.05). At the level of pathogen species,both mNGS and traditional methods determined the most bacteria as Acinetobacter baumannii,without statistical significance(P>0.05). The most commonly determined viruses by mNGS were human herpes virus 4 and human herpes virus 5. The positive determination rate of mNGS pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid of CNSI group(64.7%)was higher than that of non-CNSI group(14.9%)(P<0.05). The consistency between mNGS and traditional methods was moderate(Kappa=0.412,P=0.001). The sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid mNGS in diagnosing CNSI(64.7%)was higher than that of traditional methods(23.5%),and the specificity(85.1%)was lower than that of traditional methods(100.0%)(P<0.05). The area under curve of mNGS for diagnosing CNSI(0.749)was larger than that of traditional methods (0.618)(P<0.05). Conclusions Cerebrospinal fluid mNGS is recommended for screening patients suspected with CNSI. The most common pathogen of CNSI in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital is Gram-negative bacteria.

Key words: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing, Central nervous system infection, Cerebrospinal fluid, Pathogen

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