Laboratory Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 66-72.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.01.012

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Correlation between serum sd-LDL-C,the severity of coronary heart disease and the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

ZHANG Aimin, YIN Yue, QIN Li, ZHANG Na, WANG Chunyan, JIA Mei, PEI Lin()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Peking University People's Hospital,Beijing 100044,China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-11-21 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-02-17

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(sd-LDL-C),the severity of coronary vessel lesion and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Totally,3 315 Han T2DM patients from Peking University People's Hospital from January 2016 to March 2019 were enrolled. The general data of all patients were collected,and fasting blood glucose (FBG),homocysteine(Hcy),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apolipoprotein A1(apo A1)and apolipoprotein B(apo B),lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)],sd-LDL-C and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)were determined. According to the results of coronary angiography (CAG),all the patients were classified into coronary heart disease(CHD)group(1 998 cases of T2DM with CHD)and non-CHD group(1 317 cases of T2DM without CHD). According to the Gensini(GS)scores[≤25(low),26-40(medium),≥41(high)],T2DM patients with CHD were classified into low GS subgroup,medium GS subgroup and high GS subgroup. T2DM combined with CHD patients were classified into 1 vessel,2 vessel and 3 vessel lesions. All the patients were followed for 5 years,and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were recorded. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between sd-LDL-C,the severity of coronary vessel lesion and the risk of CHD. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the occurrence of MACE. Results Compared with non-CHD group,the levels of apo B,LDL-C,hs-CRP,Hcy and sd-LDL-C in CHD group were increased(P<0.05),while the levels of apo A1 and HDL-C were decreased(P<0.05). The LDL-C,apoB and Hcy levels in high GS subgroup were higher than those in low GS subgroup(P<0.05),and the TC and sd-LDL-C levels were higher than those in medium GS subgroup and low GS subgroup(P<0.05). The sd-LDL-C level in medium GS subgroup was higher than that in low GS subgroup(P<0.05). After adjusting for age,gender,body mass index,FBG,HbA1c,apo B,apo A1,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,Lp(a),hs-CRP and Hcy,sd-LDL-C remained an independent risk factor for CHD and the severity of coronary vessel lesion in T2DM patients. In T2DM patients,the risk of CHD in sd-LDL-C>0.95 mmol·L-1 group was 2.030 times higher than that in sd-LDL-C<0.57 mmol·L-1 group[odds ratio(OR)=2.030,95% confidence interval(CI)1.770-4.974,P=0.021]. In patients with T2DM combined with CHD,the risk of 3 vessel lesions and high GS score in sd-LDL-C>1.07 mmol·L-1 group was 3.168 times and 2.451 times higher than that in sd-LDL-C<0.58 mmol·L-1 group(OR=3.168 and 2.451,95% CI 1.891-7.305 and 2.032-5.411,respectively,P<0.05). There was a statistical significance in the incidence of MACE between patients with different levels of sd-LDL-C in non-CHD group and CHD group(P<0.05). The incidence of MACE in high sd-LDL-C group(>0.74 mmol·L-1)(15.36%)was higher than that in low sd-LDL-C group(≤0.74 mmol·L-1)(11.24%)(P=0.001). Conclusions The serum sd-LDL-C level in T2DM patients is related with the occurrence of CHD and the severity of coronary vessel lesion,and patients with higher serum sd-LDL-C levels also have an increased risk of developing MACE in the future. The sd-LDL-C may serve as a biomarker for assessing the risk of CHD and the severity of coronary vessel lesion in T2DM patients,as well as predicting the occurrence of MACE.

Key words: Small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Coronary vessel lesion

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