肿瘤相关血栓的发生机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.02.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

恶性肿瘤与血栓发生密切相关。肿瘤相关血栓主要表现为自发性血管内凝血激活。目前，血栓及其相关并发症已经成为肿瘤患者死亡的第二大原因，仅次于肿瘤本身。恶性肿瘤患者血栓的发生机制较为复杂，不同肿瘤患者和恶性肿瘤进程的不同阶段会有明显差异，可能与血液高凝状态、血管壁损伤和血液淤滞有关。血栓形成的3个要素，即血流异常、血管完整性受损、血液成分改变，均与肿瘤患者的高血栓倾向有关，某些肿瘤诊疗方法也会增加发生肿瘤相关血栓的风险。如果肿瘤患者合并遗传性易栓症和获得性易栓因素，静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）的风险可升高数倍。文章对目前已知的肿瘤相关血栓主要的发生机制进行综述，以期为相关研究和临床诊治提供参考。

Abstract:

Malignant tumors are related to thrombosis，and cancer-associated thrombosisis mainly manifested as spontaneous intra-vascular coagulation activation. At present，thrombosis and its related complications have become the second leading cause of death in cancer patients，after the tumor itself. The mechanism of thrombosis in malignant tumors is complex，and there are differences among patients with different tumors and different stages of malignant tumor progression，which may be related to blood hypercoagulability，vascular wall injury and blood stasis. The 3 elements of thrombosis，namely abnormal blood flow，impaired vascular integrity and changes in blood composition，are all related to the high tendency of thrombosis in tumor patients. Some tumor diagnosis and treatment methods can also increase the occurrence of cancer-associated thrombosis. The risk of venous thromboembolism （VTE） can be increased several times in patients with tumors who have inherited or acquired thromboembolism factors. This review describes the main known mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis.

Key words: Cancer-associated thrombosis, Tissue factor, Platelet, Neutrophil extracellular trap net, Extracellular vesicle

中图分类号:

R446.7

李博, 夏永泉, 沈萍, 夏茂, 曾佳威. 肿瘤相关血栓的发生机制[J]. 检验医学, 2025, 40(2): 192-196.

LI Bo, XIA Yongquan, SHEN Ping, XIA Mao, ZENG Jiawei. Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2025, 40(2): 192-196.

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