检验医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 631-636.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.07.003

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

西安地区奴卡菌菌种分布和体外药物敏感性试验方法选择

杨佩红, 周珊, 康蓓佩, 杨玉琪, 刘昊, 周柯()   

  1. 空军军医大学西京医院检验科陕西 西安 710032
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19 修回日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-07-30 发布日期:2026-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 周 柯,E-mail:susannajoke@126.com
  • 作者简介:杨佩红,女,1982年生,学士,主管技师,主要从事临床微生物检验研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2603705);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLSF01-06)

Distribution and in vitro drug susceptibility test of Nocardia in Xi'an

YANG Peihong, ZHOU Shan, KANG Beipei, YANG Yuqi, LIU Hao, ZHOU Ke()   

  1. Department of Clinical LaboratoryXijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032,Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-03-19 Revised:2025-11-05 Online:2026-07-30 Published:2026-07-23

摘要:

目的 了解西安地区奴卡菌菌种分布和不同体外药物敏感性试验方法结果的差异,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 收集2015年1月—2023年12月空军军医大学西京医院奴卡菌非重复临床分离株37株。采用质谱技术进行菌种鉴定,并经16S rRNA基因测序确认。采用微量肉汤稀释法和E试验进行体外药物敏感性试验,以微量肉汤稀释法结果为标准,分析E试验结果的误差率。结果 37株奴卡菌中,乔治教堂奴卡菌10株,脓肿奴卡菌5株,皮疽奴卡菌、天美奴卡菌、巴西奴卡菌各4株,北京奴卡菌、豚鼠耳炎奴卡菌、新奴卡菌各3株,亚洲奴卡菌1株。未发现对利奈唑胺、阿米卡星耐药菌株;奴卡菌对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率为2.70%;对亚胺培南、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、头孢曲松、妥布霉素、米诺环素的耐药率均<22.00%,对克拉霉素、环丙沙星的耐药率为51.35%~64.86%。以微量肉汤稀释法为参考方法,E试验对米诺环素、亚胺培南、妥布霉素、多西环素、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、克拉霉素和莫西沙星的极重大误差(VME)为9.09%~100.00%,对克拉霉素、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、复方磺胺甲噁唑的重大误差(ME)分别为25.00%、3.13%、2.78%。结论 西安地区临床分离的奴卡菌以乔治教堂奴卡菌为主,奴卡菌对克拉霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,利奈唑胺、阿米卡星、复方磺胺甲噁唑对其有良好的抗菌活性。E试验存在较高的VME和ME,不建议临床常规使用。

关键词: 奴卡菌, 质谱, 基因测序, 微量肉汤稀释法, E试验

Abstract:

Objective To understand the distribution of Nocardia in Xi'an and evaluate the differences between different in vitro drug susceptibility test methods,and to provide a reference for rational clinical drug use. Methods Totally,37 non-repetitive Nocardia isolates were collected from Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2015 to December 2023,and they were identified by mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro drug susceptibility test was performed by broth microdilution method and E test. Based on the results of broth microdilution method,the error rate of E test results was analyzed. Results The sequencing identification results of the 37 Nocardia isolates were as follows:10 isolates of Nocardia georgiana,5 isolates of Nocardia abscessus,4 isolates of Nocardia asteroidesNocardia farcinica and Nocardia brasiliensis,3 isolates of Nocardia beijingensisNocardia caviae and Nocardia nova,and 1 isolate of Nocardia asiatica. No resistant isolates to linezolid and amikacin was found. The drug resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole was 2.70%,the drug resistance rates to imipenem,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ceftriaxone,tobramycin and minocycline were <22.00%,and the drug resistance rates to clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin were 51.35%-64.86%. Using broth microdilution method as reference method,the very major error(VME)rates of E test for minocycline,imipenem,tobramycin,doxycycline,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,clarithromycin and moxifloxacin were 9.09%-100.00%. The major error(ME)rates for clarithromycin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and compound sulfamethoxazole were 25.00%,3.13% and 2.78%,respectively. Conclusions In Xi'an,Nocardia georgiana is the most common species isolated in clinical practice. Nocardia has a relatively high drug resistance rate to clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin,while linezolid,amikacin and compound sulfamethoxazole have good antibacterial activity against it. E test method has a higher VME and ME rates,and is not recommended for routine clinical use.

Key words: Nocardia, Mass spectrometry, Gene sequencing, Broth microdilution method, E test

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