检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1014-1018.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.10.015

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019—2023年黑龙江地区临床分离真菌分布特征和耐药性分析

崔兰英, 郭大文, 俞晓晨, 王希()   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院检验科黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18 修回日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-10-30 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 王 希,E-mail:wangxi19930216@163.com.
  • 作者简介:崔兰英,女,1972年生,副主任医师,主要从事临床病原微生物耐药性分析工作。

Distribution characteristics and drug resistance analysis of fungi isolated from clinical samples from 2019 to 2023 in Heilongjiang

CUI Lanying, GUO Dawen, YU Xiaochen, WANG Xi()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001,Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-07-19 Online:2025-10-30 Published:2025-11-07

摘要:

目的 分析2019—2023年黑龙江地区真菌临床分离株的分布和耐药性,为感染防控和治疗提供参考。方法 收集2019—2023年全国真菌病监测网黑龙江地区42家综合医院酵母样真菌临床分离株34 815株。对所有菌株进行菌种鉴定和体外药物敏感性试验。比较不同类型样本中酵母样真菌分离率和耐药性差异。结果 34 815株酵母样真菌中,51.01%分离自重症监护病房(ICU),痰液样本菌株分离率(65.23%)最高。无菌体液样本中,脓液(42.92%)和血液(30.41%)真菌分离率居前2位。临床样本中分离的念珠菌以白念珠菌最为多见(63.28%),其次为光滑念珠菌(13.81%),近平滑念珠菌和库德里阿兹赤酵母分离率分别为4.22%和2.77%。体外药物敏感性试验结果显示,光滑念珠菌对氟康唑表现为剂量依赖性敏感(SDD)或耐药,库德里阿兹赤酵母对氟康唑天然耐药,白念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率较高(>80%),而热带念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率仅为65.8%;70.5%的热带念珠菌对伊曲康唑表现为野生型,低于光滑念珠菌(89.3%)、近平滑念珠菌(88.5%)和库德里阿兹赤酵母(93.5%)。白念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、库德里阿兹赤酵母对伏立康唑的敏感率(>93%)高于热带念珠菌(67.1%);分离的念珠菌均对两性霉素B表现为野生型。结论 黑龙江地区热带念珠菌对唑类药物的耐药率较高,伊曲康唑、伏立康唑和两性霉素B对念珠菌抗菌活性较强。

关键词: 真菌, 酵母样真菌, 耐药性, 临床分布, 黑龙江地区

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of clinical isolates of fungi in Heilongjiang from 2019 to 2023,and to provide references for infection prevention and control and treatment. Methods A total of 34 815 clinical isolates of yeast-like fungi from 42 general hospitals in Heilongjiang were collected from the National Fungal Disease Surveillance Network from 2019 to 2023. All the isolates were identified and subjected to in vitro drug susceptibility testing. The differences in isolation rates and drug resistance of yeast-like fungi in different types of samples were compared. Results Among the 34 815 yeast-like fungi,51.01% were isolated from the intensive care unit(ICU),and the isolation rate of yeast-like fungi in sputum samples was the highest(65.23%). Among the sterile body fluids,the isolation rates of yeast-like fungi in pus(42.92%)and blood(30.41%)were the top 2. Among the clinical isolates of Candida,Candida albicans was the most common(63.28%),followed by Candida glabrata(13.81%),Candida parapsilosis and Pichia kudriavzevii with isolation rates of 4.22% and 2.77%,respectively. The in vitro drug susceptibility test results showed that Candida glabrata was susceptible dose dependent(SDD)or resistant to fluconazole,and Pichia kudriavzevii was naturally resistant to fluconazole. The sensitivity rates of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis to fluconazole were relatively high(>80%),while the sensitivity rate of Candida tropicalis to fluconazole was only 65.8%. The 70.5% of Candida tropicalis isolates were wild-type to itraconazole,which was lower than that of Candida glabrata(89.3%),Candida parapsilosis(88.5%)and Pichia kudriavzevii(93.5%). The sensitivity rates of Candida albicans,Candida parapsilosis and Pichia kudriavzevii to voriconazole (>93%) were higher than that of Candida tropicalis(67.1%). All isolated Candida species were wild-type to amphotericin B. Conclusions The resistance rate of Candida tropicalis to azole drugs is relatively high in Heilongjiang. Itraconazole,voriconazole and amphotericin B have strong antibacterial activity against Candida species.

Key words: Fungus, Yeast-like fungus, Drug resistance, Clinical distribution, Heilongjiang

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