Table of Content

20 February 2017, Volume 32 Issue 2

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Orginal Article

Invasion abilities and the virulence gene expressions of Salmonella typhimurium with different origins

DAI Sui

2017, 32(2):  71-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.001

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Objective To analyze the difference of invasion abilities and the virulence gene expressions of Salmonella typhimurium with different origins.Methods A total of 34 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium were collected from soil（strains from soil）,water（strains from water） and patients with diarrhea（clinical strains）,and their abilities of attachment and invasion to epithelial cells and abilities of replication in macrophages were compared. Real-time fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction（PCR） was used to determine the virulence gene expressions of Salmonella typhimurium with different origins. The virulence genes,including flagella locus filC,Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 loci hilA and invI,and Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 loci ssrA and sseF,were determined.Results The attachment and invasion abilities of strains from soil and water were comparable to those of standard strain（ATCC 14028）,while about 80% clinical strains exhibited higher attachment and invasion abilities to epithelial cells. Macrophage replication assay showed that all the strains showed comparable replication ability with that of standard strain（ATCC 14028）. The expression patterns of virulence genes in different strains were highly consistent with the results of the attachment and invasion abilities and the replication abilities in macrophages. In line with the results of invasion ability,clinical strains showed high filC,hilA and invI gene expressions relative to that of standard strain（ATCC 14028）（P<0.05）,while the gene expressions of ssrA and sseF were not altered. Strains from soil and water showed comparable expression of all the determined genes to that of standard strain（ATCC 14028）. Conclusions Clinical strains exhibit higher invasion ability and virulence gene expression than those of environmental strains,and the controlling for clinical strains should be highlighted to prevent from nosocomial infection.

Plasmocyte immuno-phenotype characteristics of 37 cases of CD45-positive multiple myeloma

LIU Shuai, LI Zhaobo, ZHANG Fan, WANG Ningning, YUE Baohong

2017, 32(2):  76-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.002

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Objective To investigate the plasmocyte immuno-phenotype characteristics of CD45-positive（CD45⁺） multiple myeloma（MM） and its difference with the plasmocyte immuno-phenotype characteristics of CD45-negative（CD45^-）MM,and to analyze the correlation of CD45 expression with MM clinical characteristic.Methods The data of 192 MM patients were reviewed for immuno-phenotype analysis.Results According to CD45 expression,192 MM patients were classified into CD45⁺ MM（CD45 average fluorescence intensity on plasma cells >10²） group（37 cases） and CD45^- MM group（155 cases）. In CD45⁺ MM group,the positive rates of CD138,CD38,CD19,CD56,CD20,CD71,CD117 and CD33 were 83.8%,97.3%,32.4%,64.9%,21.6%,51.4%,35.1% and 24.3%. The positive rates of κ and λ light chains were 45.9%. There was 8.2% with no light chain expression. The positive rates of CD19,CD71 and CD138 had statistical significance between the 2 groups（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups for the positive rates and light chain expression of CD38,CD56,CD20,CD117 and CD33（P>0.05）. Conclusions For CD45⁺ MM patients,their CD19 and CD71 positive rates increase,and CD138 positive rate decreases. CD45⁺ MM cells may be in the early differentiation stage of plasma cells.

Establishment of thrombelastography reference interval in children and its comparison with traditional coagulation tests

XIA Libo, JIAN Cui, ZHANG Biyu, WANG Bin, SUN Ziyong, TANG Ning

2017, 32(2):  81-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.003

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Objective To establish the reference intervals of rapid thrombelastography（rTEG） and Kaolin thrombelastography（CK-TEG） in children,and to evaluate their correlations with traditional coagulation tests and the role of CK-TEG among children with hemophilia.Methods A total of 242 children undergoing elective surgery,40 healthy adults and 42 children with hemophilia were enrolled,and rTEG,CK-TEG and traditional coagulation tests were performed. All children were classified into <1 month old,1 month old-1 year old,2-5 years old,6-10 years old and 11-16 years old groups.Results Compared with adults,children exhibited more hypercoagulation according to rTEG and CK-TEG parameters（high Angle,MA and G and short K）（P<0.05）,and these 4 parameters were also correlated with platelet（PLT） and fibrinogen（Fib）（P<0.05）. In addition,ACT,R and LY30 were correlated with prothrombin time（PT）,activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT） and D-dimer（DD）（P<0.05）. All CK-TEG parameters were abnormal for children with hemophilia,and R with factor inhibitor was higher than that without factor inhibitor（P<0.05）. Conclusions The parameters of thrombelastography could reflect the levels of PLT,Fib,coagulation activity and fibrinolysis,and it is helpful to screen coagulation factor inhibitor for children with hemophilia.

Correlation between the markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

KE Wencai, WU Qiang, GU Yunxia

2017, 32(2):  86-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.004

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Objective To evaluate the correlation between the markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.Methods The bone mineral densities of lumbar spine and hip bone were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 200 elderly patients with T2DM. According to the bone mineral densities,patients were classified into 3 groups,including normal group（75 cases）,osteopenia group（72 cases） and osteoporosis group（53 cases）. The height,weight and body mass index（BMI） for all patients were recorded. The markers of bone metabolism,including total type Ⅰ collagen N-terminal peptide（TPⅠNP）,type Ⅰ collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide（β-CTX）,bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing protein（BGP） and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D],were determined. The levels of fasting blood glucose（FBG）,glycated hemoglobin A_1c（HbA_1c）,fasting C peptide,parathyroid hormone（PTH）,serum calcium,24 h urinary protein（UP） were determined by electro-chemiluminescence.Results Compared with normal group,the levels of BMI,fasting C peptide,25（OH）D,BGP and TPⅠNP were decreased（P<0.05）,while the levels of β-CTX,24 h UP,PTH and HbA_1c were increased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups（P<0.05）. For age,diabetes mellitus duration,FBG and calcium levels,there was no statistical significance among the 3 groups（P>0.05）. Moreover,bone mineral densities were positively correlated with the levels of BGP,TPⅠNP and 25（OH）D （r=0.273,0.269 and 0.223,P<0.01,0.05 and 0.01）. The level of β-CTX showed a negative correlation with bone mineral densities（r= -0.246,P<0.01）. Conclusions The markers of bone metabolism are related to bone mineral density in patients with T2DM,who easily merge with osteopenia,even osteoporosis.

Correlations of serum cholyglycine and C-reactive protein with the altering of lung and liver function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

YAN Feng, ZHOU Ying, XU Weizhen

2017, 32(2):  90-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.005

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Objective To determine the level changes of serum cholyglycine（CG） and C-reactive protein（CRP） in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）,and to investigate the correlations with the altering of lung and liver function.Methods A total of 64 patients with COPD were enrolled and classified into acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD） group（46 cases,including 32 cases with liver damage and 14 cases without liver damage） and stable COPD group（18 cases）. A total of 27 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. The levels of serum CG and CRP were determined before and after treatment. Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,total bilirubin（TB）,direct bilirubin（DBil）and albumin（Alb） in COPD group were determined before treatment.Results Serum CG and CRP in COPD group were higher than those in healthy control group（P<0.05）. In AECOPD group,serum CG and CRP were higher than those in stable COPD group（P<0.05）. In AECOPD with liver damage group,serum CG and CRP were higher than those in AECOPD without liver damage group（P<0.05）. The positive rates of serum CG and CRP in COPD group before treatment were 82.8% and 85.9%,and those after treatment were 28.1% and 21.9%（P<0.05）. The levels of ALT,AST and serum CG in AECOPD with liver damage group were higher than those in AECOPD without liver damage group and stable COPD group（P<0.01）. The levels of ALT and serum CG in AECOPD group without liver damage were higher than those in stable COPD group（P<0.05）. The levels of TB,DBil and Alb in AECOPD with and without liver damage groups had no statistical significance（P>0.05）. The positive rate of serum CG was the highest,followed by those of ALT and AST. There was a positive correlation of serum CG with ALT,AST and CRP（r=0.653,0.532 and 0.783,P<0.01）, but there was no correlation with Alb,TB and DBil（r= 0.208,0.252 and 0.267,P>0.05）. Conclusions Serum CG and CRP are involved in acute inflammatory process of COPD. For patients with COPD,there exists lung damage,while there are different degrees of liver damage.

Influence of evacuated blood collection tube fill volume on biochemical analysis

WANG Huaizhou, FANG Wen, CHEN Mingkun, LIU Shanrong

2017, 32(2):  94-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.006

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Objective To evaluate the reliability of the results of 19 biochemical items in evacuated blood collection tube fill volume without related requirements.Methods Blood samples of 23 healthy subjects were collected in BD Vacutainer glass tubes and plastic BD Vacutainer SST Ⅱ separator gel tubes. The fill volume with related requirements was 5 mL,and the fill volume without related requirements was 2 mL. All collected samples were centrifuged and processed within 2 h. Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）,gamma-glutamyltransferase（GGT）,amylase（AMY）,total bilirubin（TB）,calcium ion（Ca²⁺）,potassium ion（K⁺）,creatine kinase（CK）,creatinine（Cr）,glucose（Glu）,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,albumin（Alb）,total protein（TP）,blood urea nitrogen（BUN）,uric acid（UA）,phosphorus（P）,total cholesterol（TC） and triglyceride（TG） were determined. The influence of fill volume without related requirements was evaluated according to 1/2 allowable total error（TEa） in WS/T403-2012.Results For glass tubes,there was statistical significance for ALT,ALP,AST,TB,CK,Cr and LDH between the 2 fill volumes（P<0.01）. For separator gel tubes,there was statistical significance for ALT,AST,TB,CK,Cr,Glu and LDH（P<0.01）. Compared with acceptable bias（1/2 TEa）,bias was found only for LDH. For glass tubes,LDH levels of volumes with and without related requirements were （143.09±22.50） U/L and （156.00±24.90） U/L by 9.12% increasing. For separator gel tubes,LDH levels were （153.74±25.94） U/L and （173.22±26.58） U/L by 13.05% increasing. Both of the biases were >allowable bias（±5.5%）. Conclusions Evacuated blood collection tubes should be assessed before determinations. The fill volume without related requirements（≤2 mL）might be unsuitable for determining LDH.

Level of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 in pleural effusion of lung cancer patients and its clinical significance

JI Yuzhen, LIU Xiaoliang, HOU Miao

2017, 32(2):  99-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.007

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Objective To investigate the level of soluble programmed death-ligand l（sPD-L1）,and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic significance in lung cancer patients with pleural effusion.Methods A total of 68 lung cancer patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. A total of 70 benign lung disease patients with pleural effusion matching in sex,age and smoking were enrolled as controls. The level of sPD-L1 in pleural effusion was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Results The level of sPD-L1 in lung cancer patients [（1.62±0.07） ng/mL] was higher than that in controls [（0.90±0.04）ng/mL,P<0.000 1]. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve showed that sPD-L1 level of 1.33 ng/mL was optimal for diagnosing lung cancer patients with pleural effusion. The sensitivity and specificity were 69.1% and 94.3%. The level of sPD-L1 did not correlate with age,sex,smoking and pathological type（P>0.05）,but there was statistical significance for differentiation,tumor size,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis（P<0.05）. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with sPD-L1 level ≤1.33 ng/mL had a favorable overall survival than those with sPD-L1 level >1.33 ng/mL. By Cox proportional hazard regression analysis,high sPD-L1 level was an independent predictive marker for poor prognosis in lung cancer patients [hazard ratio（HR）=2.402,95% confidence interval（CI）1.323-4.360,P<0.05]. Conclusions The level of sPD-L1 is of significance for the diagnosis and prognosis for lung cancer patients with pleural effusion.

Relationships of serum TSP-1 and VEGF levels with primary hepatic carcinoma

LIAO Chushu, FAN Shasha, DENG Zhonghua, CAO Youde

2017, 32(2):  104-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.008

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Objective To investigate the relationships of serum thrombospondin 1（TSP-1）and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） levels with the progression of primary hepatic carcinoma（PHC）,and to evaluate the 2 indicators for the early diagnosis of PHC.Methods A total of 88 PHC patients were enrolled,including 20 cases of Period Ⅰ,25 cases of Period Ⅱ and 43 cases of Period Ⅲ. A total of 40 healthy subjects were enrolled. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to determine the levels of serum TSP-1 and VEGF. Electro-chemiluminescence was used to determine the levels of alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves were used to evaluate the diagnosis efficiency of TSP-1,VEGF and AFP.Results Serum TSP-1 levels of Period Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ in PHC group were higher than that in healthy control group（P<0.05）. Serum TSP-1 level of Period Ⅲ was lower than those of Period Ⅰ and Ⅱ（P<0.05）. Serum TSP-1 levels had no statistical significance between Period Ⅰ and Ⅱ（P>0.05）. There was statistical significance for serum VEGF of Period Ⅲ in PHC group with healthy control,Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ groups（P<0.05）. ROC curve showed that the areas under the curves（AUC） were 0.893 for TSP-1（P<0.05）,0.712 for AFP（P<0.05） and 0.568 for VEGF（P>0.05） in the diagnosis of PHC. AUC were 0.883 for TSP-1（P<0.05）,0.821 for AFP（P<0.05） and 0.539 for VEGF（P>0.05） in the early diagnosis of PHC. Conclusions The levels of TSP-1 decrease with the progression of PHC,and the levels of VEGF gradually increase. The diagnosis efficiency of TSP-1 is better than that of AFP,and that of VEGF is limited.

Expressions of natural killer-associated receptors on cytotoxic T lymphocyte from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B

GE Danhong, XU Chong, YAO Yufeng

2017, 32(2):  108-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.009

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Objective To investigate the change patterns of natural killer（NK）-associated receptors（NKR） on cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL）from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB）,and to study the receptor pathway of CTL from CHB patients responding to hepatitis B virus（HBV）.Methods The percentages of CTL and the expressions of NK-associated activating receptors（NKG2D and NKp30） and NK-associated inhibitory receptors（NKG2A and KIR2DL3） on CTL were determined by flow cytometry in 40 patients with CHB（18 cases of HBV DNA positive and 22 cases of HBV DNA negative） and 20 healthy controls. The difference between the 2 groups and the correlations with HBV DNA load,HBV infection serology markers and liver injury markers and so on were analyzed.Results The percentage of CTL in T cells from peripheral blood in CHB group [（19.33±6.25）%] was lower than that of healthy control group[（23.94±6.09）%]（P<0.05）. The proportion of CTL expressing KIR2DL3 in CHB group [（3.32±2.63）%] was higher than that in healthy control group [（1.55±0.53）%]（P<0.05）. The percentage of CTL in HBV DNA positive CHB group [（16.94±4.8）%] was lower than that in HBV DNA negative CHB group[（21.29±6.7）%]（P<0.05）,and the proportion of CTL expressing KIR2DL3 in HBV DNA positive CHB group[（3.85±3.41）%] was higher than that in HBV DNA negative CHB group[（2.91±1.81）%]（P<0.05）. The proportion of CTL expressing NKG2A was positively correlated with HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase（ALT） level in CHB group （r=0.580 and 0.671,P<0.01）,and the proportion of CTL expressing KIR2DL3 was positively correlated with hepatitis B e antigen（HBeAg）（r=0.556,P<0.001）. Conclusions There is a defect in quantity and function of CTL in CHB patients,which means T cell exhaustion. The change pattern of NK-associated inhibitory receptors and activating receptors on CTL from CHB patients impairs the activation of CTL and immune response disorders,which results that HBV can not be effectively cleared,and hepatic cells are injured. The expression levels of NK-associated inhibitory receptors on CTL are expected to develop into a new indicator to evaluate the disease severity and the potential targets of therapy for CHB.

Investigation on the reference intervals of 5 items for thyroid function in adults in Yunnan Yuxi

LIN Ming, JIN Pingyan, LIU Lifang, XIAO Lizhen

2017, 32(2):  114-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.010

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Objective To establish the regional reference intervals of 5 items for thyroid function by chemiluminescence,and to verify the regional reference intervals used directly or not.Methods According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI） C28-A3 and the reference intervals supplied by LIAISON specification,free triiodothyronine（FT₃）,free thyroxine（FT₄）,triiodothyronine（T₃）,thyroxine（T₄） and thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） were determined by LIAISON chemiluminescence assay system in 5 070 healthy adults,and the reference intervals supplied by manufacturers were verified with 20 normal cases. The differences for age and sex were analyzed. The reference intervals were established according to 98% confidence intervals （95% confidence interval for TSH）.Results The overall reference intervals of FT₃,FT₄,T₃,T₄ and TSH were 3.34-6.35 mmol/L,10.28-20.96 mmol/L,0.67-1.82 μg/L,52.16-133.92 μg/L and 0.31-5.25 mIU/L. The levels of FT₃,FT₄ and TSH had statistical significance between males and females（P<0.05）. In males,the level of FT₃ had statistical significance between before and after 51 years old（P=0.000）. In females,the statistical significance appeared before and after 61 years old（P=0.000）. In males and females,the level of FT₄ had statistical significance between before and after 71 years old（P<0.05）. The reference intervals of T₃ and TSH could not pass the verification,when the reference intervals were verified by 20 normal cases. So,the reference intervals of T₃ and TSH must be re-established. Conclusions Reference intervals supplied by manufacturers are wide relatively. The reference intervals could meet related requirements basically except those of T₃ and TSH. However,there is no difference for ages and sex. Laboratories should establish individual reference intervals for different ages and sex in order to provide a reference for reliable sensitive diagnosis.

Minimizing interference in the detection of lipopolysaccharide in serum

LIU Juanjuan, XUE Zhixin, WANG Baoxue, LI Yanan, SU Yan, ZHOU Zeqi

2017, 32(2):  131-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.014

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Objective To optimize treatment process of chromogenic kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay for lipopolysaccharide in serum and reduce interference factors.Methods On the basis of single factor experiments,response surface methodology with 3 factors and 3 levels was used to study the effects and interactions of surfactant,alkali dosage and treatment time.Results The treatment process was optimized as follows：0.6% Triton X-100 mixed with equal volume of 0.020 mol/L KOH as treatment reagent,treatment time 10 min. Under these conditions,the clinical coincidence rate was 83.25%. Conclusions This treatment process can be used to detect special samples,including jaundice,hemolysis and chyle,and can provide a reference for clinical diagnosis.

Fluorescence quantitation PCR for determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid

WANG Junfang, JIN Ying, NIU Weixia, LIU Jin

2017, 32(2):  135-137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.015

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Objective To use fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction（PCR） for determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB） DNA in cerebrospinal fluid,and to investigate the clinical significance for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.Methods A total of 108 clinically-diagnosed or suspected tuberculous meningitis patients and 50 non-tuberculous meningitis patients were enrolled,and their cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and determined by smear,MTB culturing and fluorescence quantitation PCR.Results The positive rates of smear,MTB culturing and fluorescence quantitation PCR were 9.72%（7/72）,16.67%（12/72）and 76.39%（55/72） in 72 clinically-diagnosed patients with tuberculous meningitis. The positive rates of smear,MTB culturing and fluorescence quantitation PCR were 5.55%（2/36）,11.11%（4/36） and 25.00%（9/36） in 36 suspected patients with tuberculous meningitis. The difference of positive rates among the 3 methods was significant statistically（P<0.05）. Cerebrospinal fluid samples of 50 non-tuberculous meningitis patients determined by smear,MTB culturing and fluorescence quantitation PCR were negative. Conclusions Fluorescence quantitation PCR for determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used for the diagnosis and identification of tuberculous meningitis.

Establishment and performance of nano particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for determining serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 3

DONG Yiyu, WU Yizheng, SHEN Lili, CHEN Qun

2017, 32(2):  138-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.016

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Objective To establish nano particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay（PETIA） for determining serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 3（LDH₃）.Methods The optimal reaction conditions [antibody concentration,latex particle size,1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）carbodiimide（EDAC）/ N-hydroxysuccinimido（NHS） concentration,the kind and pH value of buffer solution and reaction time] were determined. PETIA for determining serum LDH₃ was established. According to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards EP5-A2,the precision,linear range,recovery rate,anti-interference ability and analytic sensitivity were evaluated,and the initial reference interval was established.Results The optimal reaction conditions were antibody concentration 0.1 mg/mL,latex particle size 120 nm,EDAC/ NHS concentration 10 mg/mL,phosphate buffered saline（PBS） with pH value 7.8 and coupling rate remaining unchanged under room temperature（25 ℃）and low temperature（4 ℃） for 24 h. For LDH3 with low value（16.5 U/L）,median value（65.0 U/L） and high value（155.0 U/L）,the within-run coefficients of variation（CV） were 5.77%,4.02% and 3.77%,and the between-run CV were 6.59%,4.44% and 3.93%. The linear range was 3.6-200.0 U/L. The average recovery rate was 102.1%. The factors of 900 U/L rheumatoid factor,500 μmol/L bilirubin,9 mmol/L triglyceride,5 g/L hemoglobin,5 g/L vitamin C had no interference for PETIA in the determination of LDH3. The analytic sensitivity was 3.6 U/L. The reference interval was 13.5-75.9 U/L. Conclusions PETIA for the determination of LDH3 is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate,and it can be used in automatic biochemical analyzers,which can meet the requirements of clinical determination.

Establishment and performance evaluation of candidate reference measurement procedure for the determination of serum potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium based on ion chromatography

ZOU Jihua, ZHANG Man, SHEN Min, TU Minmin, ZHANG Chuanbao, YAN Ying, ZOU Bingde

2017, 32(2):  143-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.017

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Objective To establish a reference measurement procedure for the determination of serum electrolytes（potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium） based on ion chromatography,and to evaluate its analytical performance.Methods Samples were prepared by a simple digestion and determined by ion chromatography. Fresh sample from patients and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine External Quality Assessment Scheme for Reference Laboratories in Laboratory Medicine（RELA） sample were used. The accuracy,imprecision and methodology comparison with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） were evaluated.Results A total of 1.0 mL of serum sample was digested with 2 mL nitric acid. The samples were redissolved and determined by ion chromatography under the optimal eluent concentration of 32 mmol/L methane-sulfonic acid. The accuracy and imprecision were <1.0%. The results were comparable with the reference values obtained by ICP-MS. Conclusions The established reference measurement procedure for the determination of serum potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium has the advantages of simple,low-cost,high accuracy and good stability compared to ICP-MS. It may provide an effective way for traceability.

Interference of Chinese patent medicine on determination results and its strategy

NI Chong, YIN Yuan, WANG Weiling

2017, 32(2):  149-152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.018

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Interference caused by endogenous or exogenous substances on determination results is a common problem in medical laboratories,especially by therapeutic drugs. There are many studies of interference caused by western medicine,but the researches on traditional Chinese medicine are few reported. With the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine injection,its interference has been paid more and more attention from related laboratory assistants,doctors and researchers.

Research progress of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in inflammatory-related diseases

REN Runjian, ZHAO Hu, BI Bo

2017, 32(2):  153-157.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.02.019

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma（PPARγ）is a member of type Ⅱ nuclear receptor superfamily,as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In recent years,studies have shown that activated PPARγ is capable of modulating the expression of numerous genes and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes,including anti-obesity,anti-atherosclerosis,anti-diabetes mellitus,anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory skin diseases. These diseases are closely related to inflammation. In this review,the research progress of PPARγ in inflammation and inflammatory-related diseases will be summarized.