外泌体非编码RNA作为疾病诊断生物标志物的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.06.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外泌体是由活细胞释放的纳米囊泡，包含多种生物活性分子，包括蛋白质、DNA、mRNA和非编码RNA（ncRNA）。在不同生理或病理状态下，外泌体ncRNA会发生差异性表达，具有作为疾病诊断生物标志物的潜力。文章介绍了外泌体的基本特征和功能，以及外泌体ncRNA在疾病诊断中的研究进展。

关键词: 外泌体, 非编码RNA, 诊断, 生物标志物

Abstract:

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles released by living cells and contain a variety of bioactive molecules，including proteins，DNA，mRNA and non-coding RNA（ncRNA）. The expression of exosomal ncRNA will change under different pathological or physiological states，and the differential expression of exosomal ncRNA suggests that it has potential as a biomarker for disease diagnosis. This review introduces the basic characteristics and functions of exosomes and the research progress of exosomal ncRNA for disease diagnosis.

Key words: Exosome, Non-coding RNA, Diagnosis, Biomarker

中图分类号:

R446.1

张敏, 王彬宇, 迟伟群, 刘禹. 外泌体非编码RNA作为疾病诊断生物标志物的研究进展[J]. 检验医学, 2023, 38(6): 594-598.

ZHANG Min, WANG Binyu, CHI Weiqun, LIU Yu. Research progress of exosomal non-coding RNA as biomarkers for disease diagnosis[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2023, 38(6): 594-598.

图/表 1

参考文献 36

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疾病类型	标本类型	外泌体ncRNA及其表达变化	AUC	参考文献
呼吸系统疾病
过敏性哮喘	肺泡灌洗液	miR-223↑ miR-142a↑		[15]
非小细胞肺癌	血清	lncRNA GAS5↓	0.822	[16]
消化系统疾病
酒精性肝炎	血浆	miR-192↑ miR-30a↑	0.950 0.580	[17]
胃癌	血清	lncRNA GC1↑	0.902	[18]
结直肠癌	血清	lncRNA CRNDE-h↑	0.892	[19]
循环系统疾病
不稳定型心绞痛	血清	miR-126↑ miR-21↓	0.782 0.824	[21]
急性心肌梗死	血清	miR-126↑ miR-21↓ lncRNA ENST00000556899.1↑ lncRNA ENST00000575985.1↑	0.849 0.842 0.661 0.751	[21] [20]
心力衰竭	血清	miR-192-5p↑	0.844	[22]
泌尿系统疾病
IgA肾病	血浆	lncRNA G21551↓		[23]
特发性膜性肾病	血清、尿液	89种circRNA表达发生改变，如circ-MUC3A↑		[24]
膀胱癌	尿液	lncRNA MALAT1↑ lncRNA PCAT-1↑ lncRNA SPRY4-IT1↑	0.785 0.810 0.799	[25]
神经系统疾病
帕金森病	脑脊液	miR-1↓ miR-19b-3p↓ miR-153↑ miR-409-3p↑ miR-10a-5p↑	0.920 0.705 0.780 0.970 0.900	[26]
阿尔茨海默病	血清、脑脊液	miR-193b↑		[27]
内分泌系统疾病
1型糖尿病	血浆	miR-16-5p↓ miR-574-5p↓ miR-302d-3p↓		[28]
甲状腺结节	血浆	miR-16-2-3p↓ miR-223-5p↓ miR-34c-5p↓ miR-182-5p↓ miR-223-3p↓ miR-146b-5p↓	0.940 0.950 0.880 0.910 0.860 0.810	[29]
血液系统疾病
慢性淋巴细胞白血病	血浆	miR-29a↑ miR-29b↑ miR-29c↑ miR-150↑ miR-155↑		[30]
急性髓系白血病	血清	circ-0004136↑		[31]
弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤	血清	miR-99a-5p↑ miR-125b-5p↑		[32]
多发性骨髓瘤	血清	circ-ATP10A↑		[33]

疾病类型	标本类型	外泌体ncRNA及其表达变化	AUC	参考文献
呼吸系统疾病
过敏性哮喘	肺泡灌洗液	miR-223↑ miR-142a↑		[15]
非小细胞肺癌	血清	lncRNA GAS5↓	0.822	[16]
消化系统疾病
酒精性肝炎	血浆	miR-192↑ miR-30a↑	0.950 0.580	[17]
胃癌	血清	lncRNA GC1↑	0.902	[18]
结直肠癌	血清	lncRNA CRNDE-h↑	0.892	[19]
循环系统疾病
不稳定型心绞痛	血清	miR-126↑ miR-21↓	0.782 0.824	[21]
急性心肌梗死	血清	miR-126↑ miR-21↓ lncRNA ENST00000556899.1↑ lncRNA ENST00000575985.1↑	0.849 0.842 0.661 0.751	[21] [20]
心力衰竭	血清	miR-192-5p↑	0.844	[22]
泌尿系统疾病
IgA肾病	血浆	lncRNA G21551↓		[23]
特发性膜性肾病	血清、尿液	89种circRNA表达发生改变，如circ-MUC3A↑		[24]
膀胱癌	尿液	lncRNA MALAT1↑ lncRNA PCAT-1↑ lncRNA SPRY4-IT1↑	0.785 0.810 0.799	[25]
神经系统疾病
帕金森病	脑脊液	miR-1↓ miR-19b-3p↓ miR-153↑ miR-409-3p↑ miR-10a-5p↑	0.920 0.705 0.780 0.970 0.900	[26]
阿尔茨海默病	血清、脑脊液	miR-193b↑		[27]
内分泌系统疾病
1型糖尿病	血浆	miR-16-5p↓ miR-574-5p↓ miR-302d-3p↓		[28]
甲状腺结节	血浆	miR-16-2-3p↓ miR-223-5p↓ miR-34c-5p↓ miR-182-5p↓ miR-223-3p↓ miR-146b-5p↓	0.940 0.950 0.880 0.910 0.860 0.810	[29]
血液系统疾病
慢性淋巴细胞白血病	血浆	miR-29a↑ miR-29b↑ miR-29c↑ miR-150↑ miR-155↑		[30]
急性髓系白血病	血清	circ-0004136↑		[31]
弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤	血清	miR-99a-5p↑ miR-125b-5p↑		[32]
多发性骨髓瘤	血清	circ-ATP10A↑		[33]