脂质在人冠状病毒感染中的作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2021.03.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冠状病毒是一类阳性单链RNA病毒。目前已发现有7种冠状病毒可感染人类,包括人类冠状病毒229E（hCoV-229E）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERSr-CoV）、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV）、人类冠状病毒OC43、人类冠状病毒HKU1、人类冠状病毒NL63及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。脂质,如磷脂、脂肪酸及胆固醇等与人类致病性冠状病毒感染密切相关。文章综述了脂质及脂质相关调节酶在冠状病毒感染中的作用。

关键词: 脂质, 冠状病毒, 感染, 酶

Abstract:

Coronavirus is a kind of positive single stranded RNA virus. It is proven that 7 coronaviruses can infect human beings,including human coronavirus 229E（HCoV-229E）,middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus（MERSr-CoV）,severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus（SARSr-CoV）,human coronavirus OC43,human coronavirus HKU1,human coronavirus NL63 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）. Lipids are closely related to human pathogenic coronavirus infection,such as phospholipids,fatty acids and cholesterol. This article reviews the role of lipids and lipid related regulatory enzymes in coronavirus infection.

Key words: Lipid, Coronavirus, Infection, Enzyme

中图分类号:

R446.1

张慧杰, 董海荣. 脂质在人冠状病毒感染中的作用[J]. 检验医学, 2021, 36(3): 347-351.

ZHANG Huijie, DONG Hairong. Role of lipids in membrane fusion of human coronavirus[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2021, 36(3): 347-351.

图/表 2

参考文献 29

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脂质	类型	变化	作用	相关调节酶及其作用	文献
磷脂	PC	升高	抑制由多种病毒融合肽介导的合胞体形成	cPLA2α可裂解PC/PE产生溶血磷脂,且与病毒膜融合中双膜囊泡形成有关;吡咯烷-2和花生四烯醇三氟甲烷作为cPLA2a的抑制剂,可使双膜囊泡的形成明显减少	[6,9]
	PE	升高	改变宿主脂质代谢;作为病毒复制器的扩展底座,利于病毒入侵		[16]
	PI4P	升高	可驱动氧化甾醇结合蛋白介导胆固醇积聚,增加病毒肽结合力	PI4KB可局部产生大量PI4P,介导膜募集	[11,18]
脂肪酸	LA	升高	二者通过调节酶、离子通道、受体参与宿主细胞中脂质代谢及重排	cPLA2α及其抑制剂	[4,12]
	AA	升高	二者通过调节酶、离子通道、受体参与宿主细胞中脂质代谢及重排	cPLA2α及其抑制剂、枯草芽孢杆菌表面蛋白可降低病毒与细胞膜融合的速度	[16,23]
胆固醇		升高	增加病毒与宿主膜融合结合力	SREBPs、CH25H均影响病毒融合肽结合力	[15,20-21]

脂质	类型	变化	作用	相关调节酶及其作用	文献
磷脂	PC	升高	抑制由多种病毒融合肽介导的合胞体形成	cPLA2α可裂解PC/PE产生溶血磷脂,且与病毒膜融合中双膜囊泡形成有关;吡咯烷-2和花生四烯醇三氟甲烷作为cPLA2a的抑制剂,可使双膜囊泡的形成明显减少	[6,9]
	PE	升高	改变宿主脂质代谢;作为病毒复制器的扩展底座,利于病毒入侵		[16]
	PI4P	升高	可驱动氧化甾醇结合蛋白介导胆固醇积聚,增加病毒肽结合力	PI4KB可局部产生大量PI4P,介导膜募集	[11,18]
脂肪酸	LA	升高	二者通过调节酶、离子通道、受体参与宿主细胞中脂质代谢及重排	cPLA2α及其抑制剂	[4,12]
	AA	升高	二者通过调节酶、离子通道、受体参与宿主细胞中脂质代谢及重排	cPLA2α及其抑制剂、枯草芽孢杆菌表面蛋白可降低病毒与细胞膜融合的速度	[16,23]
胆固醇		升高	增加病毒与宿主膜融合结合力	SREBPs、CH25H均影响病毒融合肽结合力	[15,20-21]