结直肠癌诊断指标的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2018.06.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结直肠癌在我国发病日渐增多,结肠镜检查尽管是诊断结直肠癌的金标准,但为侵入性检查,易造成患者的痛苦和不适,且可能引起出血、穿孔等并发症,不易被人们接受,而检测血液和粪便标志物的非侵入筛查更易被人们认可。目前粪便隐血和血清糖类抗原（CA）检测是最常用的筛查方法,近年来的研究显示肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶（tM2-PK）在结直肠癌筛查中有一定的应用价值,随着分子生物学研究的进展,表观遗传学中启动子区的高甲基化和微小RNA（miRNA）的异常表达在血液和粪便中的检测有望提高结直肠癌的早期发现率,但仍需大量的临床研究予以证实。

关键词: 结直肠癌, 便隐血, 糖类抗原, 肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶, DNA甲基化, 微小RNA

Abstract:

The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in China. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. However,it is not easy to be accepted by patients due to pain,discomfort,bleeding,perforation and other complications,since it is an invasive examination. Non-invasive screening of blood and stool markers is more likely to be accepted. The determinations of fecal occult blood and serum carbohydrate antigen（CA） are the most commonly used screening methods. In recent years,tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase（tM2-PK） is valuable in screening. With the development of molecular biology,promoter hypermethylation in epigenetics and aberrant expression of microRNA（miRNA） in the determinations of blood and feces are expected to improve the early determination rate of colorectal cancer. However,a large number of clinical studies are still needed to confirm these methods.

Key words: Colorectal cancer, Fecal occult blood, Carbohydrate antigen, Tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase, DNA methylation, MicroRNA

中图分类号:

R446.62

杨静, 朱林敏, 陈兴国. 结直肠癌诊断指标的研究进展[J]. 检验医学, 2018, 33(6): 572-577.

YANG Jing, ZHU Linmin, CHEN Xingguo. Research progress in markers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2018, 33(6): 572-577.

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