检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 885-891.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.09.010

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染危险因素和菌株耐药性及毒力分析

李丽, 杜金烨, 王心怡, 戴菁()   

  1. 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院检验科,上海 201801
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05 修回日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2025-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 戴 菁,E-mail:dj40572@rjh.com.cn
  • 作者简介:李 丽,女,1983年生,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事病原菌耐药和毒力机制研究。

Risk factors,drug resistance and virulence analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection

LI Li, DU Jinye, WANG Xinyi, DAI Jing()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 201801,China
  • Received:2024-07-05 Revised:2024-12-26 Online:2025-09-30 Published:2025-09-30

摘要:

目的 分析肺炎克雷伯菌(KPN)血流感染(BSI)的危险因素,以及菌株耐药性和毒力特征,为临床干预和治疗提供依据。方法 选取2018年4月—2023年9月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北部院区64例KPN BSI患者(观察组)和66例KPN非BSI患者(对照组)。比较2组临床资料和病原学差异。采用黏液丝试验和毒力基因测定检测血液来源KPN的毒力。采用Logistic回归分析评价KPN BSI发生的影响因素。结果 64例KPN BSI患者科室分布以重症监护病房(ICU)为主(40.6%),59.4%的患者存在原发感染灶,以呼吸系统感染为主(73.7%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,深静脉置管是KPN BSI发生的独立危险因素[比值比(OR)=14.708,95%可信区间(CI)为4.051~53.401,P<0.001]。BSI KPN对β内酰胺类、喹诺酮类和复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率为60%~70%,对氨基糖苷类的耐药率相对较低(<50%);检出39株(60.9%)碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)。留置静脉导管和呼吸系统感染是KPN BSI患者发生CRKP感染的独立危险因素。64株KPN中,黏液丝试验阳性10株(15.6%),有3株为CRKP,其中1株CRKP分离自BSI合并肝脓肿患者,该株菌同时携带rmpA2、magA、iucA、iroNalls基因,为碳青霉烯类耐药高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌(CR-hvKP)。结论 深静脉置管合并原发灶CRKP感染的患者易发生BSI,临床应常规监测CR-hvKP菌株,以及时采取防控措施。

关键词: 肺炎克雷伯菌, 血流感染, 碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌, 毒力

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the risk factors,drug resistance and virulence characteristics of bloodstream infection(BSI)caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPN),in order to provide a reference for clinical intervention and treatment. Methods From April 2018 to September 2023,64 KPN patients with BSI(observation group)and 66 KPN patients without BSI(control group)were enrolled from the North Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The clinical data and pathogenic differences between the 2 groups were compared. The virulence of KPN in blood was determined by mucin filament test and virulence gene determination. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of KPN BSI occurrence. Results The department distribution of 64 KPN BSI patients was mainly in the intensive care unit(ICU)(40.6%),and 59.4% of the patients had primary infection,mainly with respiratory system infection(73.7%). Deep venous catheterization was an independent risk factor for KPN BSI [odds ratio(OR)=14.708,95% confidence interval(CI)was 4.051-53.401,P<0.001]. The drug resistance rates of BSI KPN to β-lactams,quinolones and compound sulfamethoxazole were 60%-70%,while the drug resistance rate to aminoglycosides was relatively low(<50%). Totally 39 isolates(60.9%)of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)were determined. The use of intravenous catheters and respiratory system infection were independent risk factors for CRKP infection in KPN BSI patients. Among the 64 KPN isolates,10 isolates(15.6%)showed positive results in the mucin filament test. There were 3 isolates of CRKP,among which 1 isolate was isolated from a patient with BSI and liver abscess. This isolate carried the rmpA2,magA,iucA,iroN and alls genes simultaneously,and it was a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-hvKP). Conclusions Patients with CRKP infection in the primary lesion and deep venous catheterization are prone to BSI. Clinically,it is necessary to routinely monitor CR-hvKP to take timely prevention and control measures.

Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bloodstream infection, Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Virulence

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