检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 287-293.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.03.015

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

肝硬化住院患者尿蛋白和管型的准确性分析

刘善凤, 高云, 王利民, 王平()   

  1. 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院检验科,湖北 武汉 430022
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-25 修回日期:2024-08-08 出版日期:2025-03-30 发布日期:2025-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 王 平,E-mail:wping7722@sina.com
  • 作者简介:刘善凤,女,1982年生,主管技师,主要从事临床检验工作。

Accuracy analysis of urine protein and urine cast of hospitalized liver cirrhosis patients

LIU Shanfeng, GAO Yun, WANG Limin, WANG Ping()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory ,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,Hubei,China
  • Received:2023-05-25 Revised:2024-08-08 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-04-10

摘要:

目的 分析干化学法检测尿蛋白(PRO)和流式细胞法计数管型(CAST)的准确性。方法 选取 2022年9—12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肝硬化住院患者151例(肝硬化组),以50例肝炎住院患者为对照组。比较肝硬化组和对照组临床信息和肝功能、肾功能、尿常规检测结果。尿常规显微镜复检方案:方案一,干化学法定性检测尿PRO结果为阳性;方案二,流式细胞法计数CAST>2个·µL-1;方案三,干化学法隐血(BLD)、白细胞酯酶(LEU)、尿蛋白(PRO)检测结果与对应的流式细胞法红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、CAST检测结果不相符(1种方法结果为阳性,另1种方法结果为阴性),尿胆红素(UBIL)阳性和仪器异常警报。分析干化学法检测尿PRO和流式细胞法计数CAST的准确性。结果 肝硬化组血清白蛋白(Alb)水平低于对照组(P=0.001),血清肌酐(SCr)和离心尿镜检CAST的阳性率均高于对照组(P<0.01)。肝硬化组尿PRO定量阳性率高于尿PRO定性阳性率(P<0.001),CAST计数假阴性率高于对照组(P<0.05)。CAST计数[比值比(OR)值为1.694,95%可信区间(CI)为1.285~2.233,P<0.001]、尿PRO定量[OR=1.002,95%CI为1.001~1.004,P=0.004]、尿PRO定性[OR=4.286,95%CI为1.542~11.908,P=0.005]和UBIL(+)[OR=3.345,95%CI为1.687~6.636,P=0.001]均与肝硬化住院患者尿CAST阳性有关。多因素分析结果显示,UBIL(+)[OR=2.473,95%CI为1.143~5.354,P=0.022]和CAST计数[OR=1.523,95%CI为1.152~2.013,P=0.003]可与肝硬化住院患者尿CAST阳性有关。肝硬化组复检方案一和方案二CAST假阴性率均>5%,且均高于对照组(P<0.05);肝硬化组复检方案三CAST假阴性率>5%,但与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 肝硬化住院患者尿PRO定性检测和CAST计数假阴性率均较高,建议肝硬化住院患者尿常规结果均进行离心尿的显微镜复检。

关键词: 尿蛋白, 管型, 肝硬化, 显微镜复检

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the accuracy of urine protein (PRO) by dry chemical method and urine cast (CAST) by flow cytometry. Methods A total of 151 liver cirrhosis patients (liver cirrhosis group) and 50 hepatitis patients (control group) were enrolled from the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September to December 2022. The clinical data and liver function and kidney function and urine routine determination results were collected and analyzed. Three microscopy review rules were defined. Rule one:urine PRO by dry chemical method was positive. Rule two:urine CAST by flow cytometry was >2·μL-1. Rule three:if any results of blood (BLD),leukocyte esterase (LEU)and urine PRO by dry chemical system were different from the results of red blood cell (RBC),white blood cell (WBC)and cast (CAST) by urine sediment analyzer correspondingly,the result of urobilirubin (UBIL) by dry chemical system was positive or abnormal alarms by urine sediment analyzer. The accuracy of urine PRO by dry chemical method and urine CAST by flow cytometry was assessed. Results Serum albumin (Alb) level of liver cirrhosis group was lower than that of control group(P=0.001),the serum creatinine(SCr)level and CAST positive rate in centrifugated urine of liver cirrhosis group were both higher than those of control group. The positive rate of urine PRO by quantitative analysis of liver cirrhosis group was higher than that of urine PRO by qualitative analysis (P<0.001),and the CAST was higher (P<0.05). CAST [odds ratio(OR)=1.694,95% confidence interval(CI)1.285-2.233,P<0.001],urine PRO by quantitative analysis(OR=1.002,95%CI 1.001-1.004,P=0.004),urine PRO by qualitative analysis(OR=4.286,95%CI 1.542-11.908,P=0.005)and UBIL(+)(OR=3.345,95%CI 1.687-6.636,P=0.001)were related to positive urine CAST. UBIL(+)(OR=2.473,95%CI 1.143-5.354,P=0.022)and CAST(OR=1.523,95%CI 1.152-2.013,P=0.003)can be used to predict urine CAST. The false negative rates of urine CAST by Rule one,Rule two and Rule three were all > 5%,those of Rule one and Rule two were higher than those of control group(P<0.05),and those of Rule three had no statistical significance with those of control group(P>0.05). Conclusions For patients with liver cirrhosis,the false negative rates of urine PRO by dry chemical method and urine CAST by flow cytometry are high,and it is recommended that the urinalysis of hospitalized liver cirrhosis patients should be reviewed by microscopy.

Key words: Urine protein, Cast, Liver cirrhosis, Microscopy

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