宏基因组二代测序在肺部感染诊断中的应用价值

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肺部感染是全球范围内流行的感染性疾病，发病率和死亡率较高，早期明确病原是有效诊治疾病的关键。传统的实验室病原检测方法存在检测时间较长、病原谱相对狭窄、阳性检出率低等问题，给临床明确肺部感染和合理用药带来挑战。宏基因组二代测序（mNGS）作为一种新兴的微生物检测技术，具有高效、快速、病原谱广等特点，尤其是在罕见或新发、突发病原检测方面，具有重要意义，逐步被应用于感染性疾病的辅助诊断，弥补了传统的实验室病原检测方法的局限。文章就mNGS概况、不同标本类型对检测的影响，以及mNGS在肺部感染诊断中的相关应用进行综述，以期为临床快速诊断肺部感染提供参考。

关键词: 肺部感染, 宏基因组二代测序, 诊断, 病原微生物

Abstract:

Pulmonary infection is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide，with high incidence and mortality rates. Early identification of pathogenic microorganism is crucial for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Traditional laboratory testing methods have problems such as long determination time，relatively narrow pathogen spectrum and low positive determination rate，which pose challenges for clinical diagnosis of pulmonary infection and rational drug use. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing （mNGS） is an emerging pathogen microorganism determination technology，featuring high efficiency，rapidity and a wide pathogen spectrum. It is particularly significant in the determination of rare or newly emerging pathogens and has gradually been applied in the auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases，compensating for the limitations of traditional determination methods. This review focuses on the overview of mNGS，the impact of different specimen types on determination and its application in pulmonary infection-related research，with the aim of providing a reference for clinical diagnosis of pulmonary infection.

Key words: Pulmonary infection, Metagenomic next-generation sequencing, Diagnosis, Pathogen microorganism

中图分类号:

R446.62

史健, 雷静, 耿燕. 宏基因组二代测序在肺部感染诊断中的应用价值[J]. 检验医学, 2025, 40(12): 1232-1236.

SHI Jian, LEI Jing, GENG Yan. Application role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of pulmonary infections[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2025, 40(12): 1232-1236.

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