关键词: 病原菌, 血培养, 耐药性

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution and antibiotic resistance of isolates from blood culture samples of children， and provide the reference for rational use of antibiotic.  Methods　A total of 7 688 blood culture samples of children were detected by BD BACTEC 9240 automatic blood culture system with pedsplus/f bottles.The positive blood culture samples were identified by VITEK-32 automatic microbiology system， and bacterial susceptibility testings were conducted on all isolates by E-test and disk diffusion method.  Results　There were 741 isolates identified from 7 688 blood culture samples， and the total positive rate was 9.64%. The positive rates of gram-positive cocci， gram-negative bacilli and fungi were 85.0%（630 isolates）， 14.0%（104 isolates） and 1.0%（7 isolates）， respectively. The top 5 isolates with high detection frequency were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus， Enterococcus， Streptococcus， Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus to penicillin，oxacillin， erythromycin and oxacillin / sulbactam had low sensitivity. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus  and Enterococcus were not found. The sensitivity of Enterococcus to nitrofurantoin was high. The sensitivity of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus was lower than that of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to 3，4-generation cephalosporin resistance rates were 33.3% and 42.9%.  Conclusions　Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus mainly causing children bacteremia and （or） septicemia was highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics，and more attention should be paid to the detection and rational use of antibiotic.

Key words: Pathogenic isolate, Blood culture, Antibiotic resistance