Correlation between serum sd-LDL-C and AIP and the severity of coronary heart disease

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.08.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the correlation between small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（sd-LDL-C） and atherogenic index of plasma（AIP） and the severity of coronary heart disease（CHD）. Methods Totally，139 patients with CHD from Baoding First Central Hospital from June 1，2023 to January 31，2024 were enrolled as CHD group. According to the severity of coronary artery lesions，they were classified into mild group（Gensini score <31 points，53 cases），moderate group（Gensini score 31-60 points，50 cases） and severe group（Gensini score >60 points，36 cases）. Another 36 patients with chest tightness，chest pain and other discomfort symptoms in the precordial area，but with no obvious abnormalities in coronary angiography（CAG），were enrolled as control group. Serum sd-LDL-C，total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），apolipoprotein A1（apo A1） and apolipoprotein B（apo B） were determined，and AIP was calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of CHD. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between sd-LDL-C，AIP and the severity of coronary artery lesions in CHD. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of each single and combined determinations for CHD. Results HDL-C and apo A1 in CHD group were lower than those in control group，while TC，TG，LDL-C，apo B，sd-LDL-C and AIP were higher in CHD group than in control group（P<0.05）. TC，TG，HDL-C，LDL-C，apo A1，apo B，sd-LDL-C and AIP were risk factors for CHD（P<0.05）. The sd-LDL-C and AIP were increased successively in the mild group，moderate group and severe group with statistical significance（P<0.05）. The sd-LDL-C was positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions，with a rank correlation coefficient （r_s） of 0.602（P<0.001）. AIP was positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions，with the r_s of 0.261（P=0.012）. The areas under curves（AUC） of AIP and sd-LDL-C for predicting CHD were 0.839 and 0.783，respectively（P<0.05）. The AUC of combined determination of sd-LDL-C and AIP was 0.857，which was higher than those of single determinations（P<0.05）. Conclusions The sd-LDL-C and AIP are elevated in CHD patients，and are positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions in CHD，which have certain value in diagnosing CHD auxiliarily and evaluating the severity of the disease.

Key words: Small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Atherogenic index of plasma, Gensini score, Coronary heart disease

CLC Number:

R446.1

SUN Yang, LI Shouxia, CAI Huixin. Correlation between serum sd-LDL-C and AIP and the severity of coronary heart disease[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2025, 40(8): 757-762.

Figures/Tables 5

References 19

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组别	例数	性别			高血压史/[例（%）]	糖尿病史/[例（%）]
组别	例数	男/[例（%）]		女/[例（%）]	高血压史/[例（%）]	糖尿病史/[例（%）]
对照组	36	15（41.67）		21（58.33）	24（66.67）	10（27.78）
CHD组	139	88（63.31）		51（36.69）	98（70.50）	37（26.62）
统计值		5.530			0.199	0.020
P值		0.019			0.655	0.889
组别	吸烟史/[例（%）]		饮酒史/[例（%）]		TC/（mmol·L^-1）	TG/（mmol·L^-1）	HDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）
对照组	11（30.56）		7（19.44）		4.15±0.50	0.98（0.71，1.17）	1.34±0.29
CHD组	68（48.92）		43（30.94）		4.81±1.27	1.68（1.17，2.45）	1.12±0.25
统计值	3.900		1.850		4.840	-5.050	-4.530
P值	0.048		0.174		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
组别	LDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）			apo A1/（g·L^-1）	apo B/（g·L^-1）	sd-LDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）	AIP
对照组	2.48±0.41			1.54±0.21	0.89±0.14	0.61（0.49，0.85）	-0.14（-0.29，-0.02）
CHD组	3.23±1.02			1.39±0.26	1.13±0.29	1.03（0.71，1.42）	0.19（-0.01，0.37）
统计值	6.820			-3.380	7.170	-5.230	8.020
P值	<0.001			<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	例数	性别			高血压史/[例（%）]	糖尿病史/[例（%）]
组别	例数	男/[例（%）]		女/[例（%）]	高血压史/[例（%）]	糖尿病史/[例（%）]
对照组	36	15（41.67）		21（58.33）	24（66.67）	10（27.78）
CHD组	139	88（63.31）		51（36.69）	98（70.50）	37（26.62）
统计值		5.530			0.199	0.020
P值		0.019			0.655	0.889
组别	吸烟史/[例（%）]		饮酒史/[例（%）]		TC/（mmol·L^-1）	TG/（mmol·L^-1）	HDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）
对照组	11（30.56）		7（19.44）		4.15±0.50	0.98（0.71，1.17）	1.34±0.29
CHD组	68（48.92）		43（30.94）		4.81±1.27	1.68（1.17，2.45）	1.12±0.25
统计值	3.900		1.850		4.840	-5.050	-4.530
P值	0.048		0.174		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
组别	LDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）			apo A1/（g·L^-1）	apo B/（g·L^-1）	sd-LDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）	AIP
对照组	2.48±0.41			1.54±0.21	0.89±0.14	0.61（0.49，0.85）	-0.14（-0.29，-0.02）
CHD组	3.23±1.02			1.39±0.26	1.13±0.29	1.03（0.71，1.42）	0.19（-0.01，0.37）
统计值	6.820			-3.380	7.170	-5.230	8.020
P值	<0.001			<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

项目	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	比值比	95%可信区间
项目	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	比值比	下限	上限
TC	1.326	0.161	2.439	0.009	2.028	1.225	5.327
TG	1.118	0.145	3.772	0.003	1.594	1.094	3.892
HDL-C	-0.802	0.176	-2.535	0.005	0.615	0.164	0.785
LDL-C	1.529	0.187	7.112	<0.001	0.479	0.329	0.917
apo A1	-0.865	0.169	-2.327	0.014	1.976	1.487	4.902
apo B	1.933	0.271	10.129	<0.001	3.038	1.526	7.137
AIP	2.651	0.338	12.046	<0.001	4.725	3.005	8.537
sd-LDL-C	1.137	0.192	5.912	<0.001	2.896	1.629	6.553

项目	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	比值比	95%可信区间
项目	β值	标准误	Z值	P值	比值比	下限	上限
TC	1.326	0.161	2.439	0.009	2.028	1.225	5.327
TG	1.118	0.145	3.772	0.003	1.594	1.094	3.892
HDL-C	-0.802	0.176	-2.535	0.005	0.615	0.164	0.785
LDL-C	1.529	0.187	7.112	<0.001	0.479	0.329	0.917
apo A1	-0.865	0.169	-2.327	0.014	1.976	1.487	4.902
apo B	1.933	0.271	10.129	<0.001	3.038	1.526	7.137
AIP	2.651	0.338	12.046	<0.001	4.725	3.005	8.537
sd-LDL-C	1.137	0.192	5.912	<0.001	2.896	1.629	6.553

组别	例数	sd-LDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）		AIP		TC /（mmol·L^-1）		TG/（mmol·L^-1）
轻度组	53	0.83（0.57，1.11）		0.10（-0.08，0.38）		4.20±0.77		1.57（0.93，2.05）
中度组	50	1.04（0.74，1.48）		0.17（-0.04，0.36）		5.40±1.26		1.54（1.12，2.42）
重度组	36	1.52（1.11，1.88）		0.32（0.12，0.50）		5.57±1.43		2.42（1.63，3.05）
统计值		32.330		8.270		15.430		15.730
P值		<0.001		0.021		<0.001		<0.001
组别	HDL-C/（mmol·L^-1）		LDL-C （mmol·L^-1）		apo A1/（g·L^-1）		apo B/（g·L^-1）
轻度组	1.08±0.24		2.72±0.62		1.35±0.30		0.98±0.19
中度组	1.16±0.25		3.68±0.92		1.40±0.23		1.24±0.25
重度组	1.14±0.27		3.92±1.21		1.43±0.23		1.33±0.34
统计值	1.326		16.820		1.167		16.520
P值	0.269		<0.001		0.314		<0.001