Abstract:

Objective To study the distribution of subgingival flora in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM），and to study the correlation between periodontal health indexes and risk of periodontal disease in GDM. Methods By prospective study，from January 2020 to December 2021，120 patients with GDM diagnosed by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University were enrolled as GDM group. Totally，120 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as control group. The distribution of subgingival flora and the difference of periodontal health index between the 2 groups were compared. The relations of periodontal disease with gingival index（GI），sulcus bleeding index（SBI），attachment loss（AL） and probing depth（PD） in GDM pregnant women were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. Results The rates of Prevotella（Pi） of GDM group（χ²=182.751，P=0.000），Porphyromonas gingivalis（Pg）（χ²=136.861，P=0.000），Forsythiana（Tf）（χ²=116.182，P=0.000），Treponema denticulatum（Td）（χ²=84.731，P=0.000），Actinomycetes（Aa）（χ²=90.641，P=0.000） and Fusobacterium nucleatum（Fn）（χ²=72.681，P=0.000）were higher than those in control group. The GI（t=8.820，P=0.000），SBI（t=21.057，P=0.000） and AL（t=27.017，P=0.000）in GDM group were higher than those in control group. There was no statistical significance in PD between the 2 groups（P>0.05）. The GI（t=2.514，P=0.013），SBI（t=3.556，P=0.001） and AL（t=6.183，P=0.000） of GDM group were higher than those of control group. There was no statistical significance in PD between the 2 groups（P>0.05）. The incidence of GDM periodontitis was correlated with GI，SBI and AL（r=0.526，0.498 and 0.745，P=0.000）. Conclusions The subgingival flora of GDM patients are mainly Pi，Pg，Tf，Td，Aa and Fn. The periodontal health indexes of GDM patients are correlated with the risk of periodontal disease.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Subgingival flora, Periodontitis, Correlation