Abstract: Objective　To investigate the clinical significance of anticytoplasmic autoantibodies. Methods　A total of 164 patients with anticytoplasmic autoantibody positive were retrospected.   Results　In the 164 cases with anticytoplasmic autoantibody positive，14 cases（9%）were fibrillar pattern，and 150 cases（91%）were speckled pattern. Anticytoplasmic autoantibodies were singly positive in 79 cases（48%），and the specific antibodies were detected in 9 cases. Anticytoplasmic and antinuclear autoantibodies were both positive in 85 cases（52%），and the specific antibodies were detected in 53 cases. Statistical significance existed between the detection rates of the specific antibodies in the 2 groups（P＜0.01）. A total of 99 cases（60%） were diagnosed as autoimmune diseases，in which 68 cases were positive with both anticytoplasmic and antinuclear autoantibodies. A total of 65 cases（40%）were diagnosed as non-autoimmune diseases，in which 48 cases were singly positive with anticytoplasmic autoantibodies. The composition of the autoantibodies in the 2 groups was statistically significant（P＜0.01）. Conclusions　The detection rate of the specific antibodies in anticytoplasmic autoantibodies is low. The specific antibodies of anticytoplasmic autoantibodies might beyond the ordinary autoantibodies. Anticytoplasmic autoantibodies could be detected both in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. In autoimmune diseases，anticytoplasmic autoantibodies usually appear with antinuclear autoantibodies.

Key words: Anticytoplasmic autoantibody, Antinuclear autoantibody, Autoimmune disease