检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 15-19.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.01.003

• 血液肿瘤检验实践与前沿进展专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

循环浆细胞传统形态学检测对多发性骨髓瘤初诊患者预后的临床意义

张岚, 朱建锋, 潘柏申, 陈朴(), 王蓓丽, 郭玮   

  1. 复旦大学附属中山医院检验科,上海 200032
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-01-30 发布日期:2025-02-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈 朴,E-mail:chen.pu@zs-hospital.sh.cn
  • 作者简介:张 岚,女,1988年生,学士,主管技师,主要从事骨髓细胞形态学检验工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81972000);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82172348);上海市临床重点专科建设项目(医学检验科)(shslczdzk03302)

Prognostic value of circulating plasma cells determined by morphology in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

ZHANG Lan, ZHU Jianfeng, PAN Baishen, CHEN Pu(), WANG Beili, GUO Wei   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
  • Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-10-25 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-02-17

摘要:

目的 总结出现外周血循环浆细胞(cPC)的初诊多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者临床特征,分析cPC对初诊MM患者预后的影响,为此类患者的个体化诊疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年6月复旦大学附属中山医院184例初诊MM患者的临床资料和实验室检测数据。采用传统形态学方法对所有患者行外周血涂片镜检,将cPC≥0.5%的患者纳入cPC阳性组,cPC=0%的患者纳入cPC阴性组。比较2个组之间临床特征、实验室指标、总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)的差异。采用Cox比例风险回归分析评价cPC在初诊MM患者预后中的价值。结果 184例初诊MM患者中,cPC阳性27例(14.7%),cPC阴性157例(85.3%)。2个组年龄、血红蛋白、血小板计数、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、β2-微球蛋白、血肌酐、骨髓浆细胞比例、高危遗传学异常发生率、国际分期体系(ISS)分期Ⅲ级差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。cPC阴性组和cPC阳性组的中位OS分别为未达到和58.7个月,中位PFS分别为未达到和47.2个月。cPC阳性组的OS和PFS均明显缩短(P<0.001)。Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,cPC≥0.5%是初诊MM患者OS[风险比(HR)值为13.439,95%可信区间(CI)为3.051~59.203,P=0.001]和PFS(HR=2.320,95%CI为1.252~4.296,P=0.007)缩短的独立危险因素。结论 采用传统形态学技术检出初诊MM患者cPC与其不良预后和侵袭性生物学特征(包括高肿瘤负荷、较高的高危遗传学异常发生率、较差的临床分期)有关。cPC≥0.5%是初诊MM患者OS和PFS缩短的独立危险因素。

关键词: 循环浆细胞, 多发性骨髓瘤, 形态学, 预后

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM),to investigate the influence of circulating plasma cells (cPC) on the prognosis of these patients,and to provide a reference for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data and laboratory parameters of 184 newly diagnosed MM patients from January 2016 to July 2020 in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively. Peripheral blood smears of 184 newly diagnosed MM patients were reviewed by conventional morphology,the patients with cPC≥0.5% were enrolled in cPC positive group,and the patients with cPC=0% were enrolled in cPC negative group. The clinical data and laboratory parameters of the 2 groups were compared. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS)of the 2 groups were compared. Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of cPC on the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients. Results Among the 184 newly diagnosed MM patients,27(14.7%) cases were in cPC positive group,and 157(85.3%) cases were in cPC negative group. There was statistical significance in the age,hemoglobin,platelet count,albumin,lactic dehydrogenase,β2-microglobulin,creatinine,percentage of bone marrow plasma cells,high-risk cytogenetic abnormality and the International Staging System(ISS)stage Ⅲ(P<0.05). The median OS of cPC negative group and cPC positive group were not arrived and 58.7 months,and the median PFS of the 2 groups were not arrived and 47.2 months. The cPC positive group had a shorter OS and PFS than those of cPC negative group(P<0.001). Cox regression analysis showed cPC≥0.5% was an independent poor prognostic factor for shorten OS[hazard ratio(HR)=13.439,95% confidence interval(CI) 3.051-59.203,P=0.001] and PFS(HR=2.320,95%CI 1.252-4.296,P=0.007) in newly diagnosed MM patients. Conclusions Among the newly diagnosed MM patients,cPC determined by conventional morphology is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive biological characteristics(such as high tumor burden,high incidence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormality,poor clinical stage and so on),and cPC≥0.5% is an adverse independent predictor of shorten OS and PFS.

Key words: Circulating plasma cell, Multiple myeloma, Morphology, Prognosis

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