检验医学 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 122-129.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2021.02.002

• 基因组技术与罕见病诊治专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

罕见病实验室诊断技术的进展

张仪, 王增阁, 王剑()   

  1. 上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心遗传分子诊断科,上海 200127
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-26 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 王 剑,E-mail:labwangjian@126.com。
  • 作者简介:张 仪,女,1995年生,硕士,主要从事遗传性疾病相关研究。

Progress in laboratory diagnosis of rare diseases

ZHANG Yi, WANG Zengge, WANG Jian()   

  1. Molecular Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory,Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200127,China
  • Received:2020-03-26 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-02-28
  • Contact: WANG Jian,E-mail:labwangjian@126.com。

摘要:

罕见病是一类单病种发病率很低、病情严重、进展迅速的疾病,对其早期诊断能够有效延缓病程,提高患儿生存质量。随着高通量测序技术的普及、第3代测序技术的逐步完善以及多组学研究技术的进步,罕见病的实验室诊断方法不断多样化、高效化,通过整合高速更新的大数据,选择性结合细胞遗传学及分子遗传学方法,同时灵活运用生化检测指标等,将有效支持和推动罕见病的诊断进程。检测技术的进步使罕见病的诊断水平有了极大的提升,而对罕见病实验室诊断技术的全面认识将有助于其在临床应用中充分发挥优势。文章就现有的罕见病实验室诊断技术及其进展作一综述,以期能提高临床对不同诊断技术的认识,帮助临床选择合适的检测方法。

关键词: 罕见病, 实验室诊断技术, 细胞遗传学, 分子遗传学, 高通量测序

Abstract:

Rare diseases are a series of single disease with a low incidence severe condition,and rapid progress. Early diagnosis can effectively delay the course of disease and improve the quality of life of patients. With the popularization of high-throughput sequencing,gradual improvement of third-generation sequencing technique and advances in multiomics research technique,laboratory diagnostic methods for rare diseases have continued to diversify and become more efficient. The integration of high-speed updated big data,selective combination of cytogenetics and molecular genetics methods,and flexible use of biochemical detection indicators will effectively support and promote the diagnosis of rare diseases. Technological progress has greatly improved the diagnostic level of rare diseases,and a comprehensive understanding of laboratory diagnostic techniques for rare diseases will help to give full play to its advantages in clinical applications. In this article,we reviewed the existing laboratory diagnostic techniques for rare diseases and their progress in order to improve clinical understanding of different diagnostic techniques and help to choose suitable testing methods.

Key words: Rare diseases, Laboratory diagnostic techniques, Cytogenetics, Molecular genetics, High-throughput sequencing

中图分类号: