检验医学 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 798-803.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2015.08.006

• 临床应用研究·论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

铜陵市2014年细菌耐药性监测分析

唐吉斌, 胡志军, 张盛, 焦瑞宝   

  1. 铜陵市人民医院检验科,安徽 铜陵 244009
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-05 出版日期:2015-08-30 发布日期:2015-08-28
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:唐吉斌,男,1964年生,副主任技师,主要从事临床检验工作。

  • 基金资助:
    安徽省铜陵市卫生局科研课题资助项目(卫科研[2013]14号)

Surveillance analysis on bacterial drug resistance at Tongling in 2014

TANG Jibin, HU Zhijun, ZHANG Sheng, JIAO Ruibao.   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongling People's Hospital, Anhui Tongling 244009, China
  • Received:2015-04-05 Online:2015-08-30 Published:2015-08-28

摘要:

目的 了解铜陵市人民医院临床样本分离细菌菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药状况。方法 2014年共收集临床分离菌株3 912株(排除重复菌株),采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感性试验,按美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI) 2013年版标准判读药物敏感性试验结果,并用WHONET 5.6软件进行数据统计分析。结果 在分离的菌株中革兰阴性菌占74.5%,革兰阳性菌占24.6%,真菌占0.9%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率分别为39.0%和65.1%。甲氧西林耐药株对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物和其它抗菌药物的耐药率显著高于甲氧西林敏感株;未发现对万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药的葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对氨苄西林、青霉素、呋喃妥因的耐药率较低,屎肠球菌对大多数抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的检出率分别为49.1%和50.8%,产ESBLs菌株对大多数抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株。对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药的克雷伯菌属和大肠埃希菌的检出率分别为27.5%和2.3%。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为76.7%和77.0%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为28.4%和27.7%,对阿米卡星的敏感率最高,为93.6%。结论 临床分离的细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性仍呈一定的增长趋势,以耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌为优,应引起高度关注,监管部门应加强抗菌药物的合理使用和医院感染控制的监督。

关键词: 细菌耐药性监测, 抗菌药物, 多重耐药菌, 碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and drug resistance of clinical isolates at Tongling People's Hospital. Methods A total of 3 912 nonduplicated clinical isolates were collected in 2014. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLIS) 2013 breakpoints. Results Of the clinical isolates, Gram-negative microorganisms, Gram-positive microorganisms and fungi accounted for 74.5%, 24.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 39.0%, and it was 65.1% for methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS). The resistance rates of methicillin-resistant isolates to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of methicillin-susceptible isolates. No staphylococcal isolate was found being resistant to vancomycin or teicoplanin. Enterococcus faecalis showed relatively low resistance to ampicillin, penicillin and nitrofurantoin. Enterococcus faecium were more resistant than Enterococcus faecalis to most antibiotics tested. Approximately 49.1% of Escherich coli and 50.8% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs). The ESBLs-producing isolates were significantly more resistant to most antibiotics than the corresponding non-ESBLs-producing isolates. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant isolates was 27.5% in Klebsiella and 2.3% in Escherich coli. The percentage of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem was 76.7% and 77.0%, respectively. The 28.4% and 27.7% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Nearly 93.6% Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to amikacin. Conclusions There appears a trend of increasing durg resistance for the clinical isolates in this hospital, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, which is of great concern. It is mandatory to take effective antibiotic policy and infection control measures.

Key words: Bacterial drug resistance surveillance, Antimicrobial agent, Multi-drug resistant bacterium, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

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