检验医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 896-901.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.09.012

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023—2025年上海市某三级甲等专科医院结核分枝杆菌临床分离株药物敏感性分析

马旭, 余方友, 杨景卉, 宛宝山, 吴小翠()   

  1. 同济大学附属上海市肺科医院检验科, 上海 200443
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-09-30 发布日期:2026-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 吴小翠,E-mail:wuxiaocui1210@163.com。
  • 作者简介:马 旭,男,1993年生,主管技师,主要从事临床检验工作。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)优秀青年人才项目(GWVI-11.2-YQ52);上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项青年项目(20224Y0129)

Drug susceptibility analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a tertiary specialty hospital in Shanghai,2023-2025

MA Xu, YU Fangyou, YANG Jinghui, WAN Baoshan, WU Xiaocui()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Revised:2026-01-05 Online:2026-09-30 Published:2026-09-29

摘要:

目的 分析2023—2025年同济大学附属上海市肺科医院结核分枝杆菌(MTB)临床分离株对12种抗结核药物的药物敏感谱及其变化趋势。方法 收集2023年1月—2025年12月同济大学附属上海市肺科医院分离自8 195例结核病患者的MTB,进行12种抗结核药物的体外药物敏感性试验,计算最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。同一患者仅纳入第1次分离的MTB的药敏结果。收集所有患者相关临床资料。结果 8 195株MTB中,有64.38%(5 276株)分离自男性患者,有47.56%(3 898株)分离自老年(>60岁)患者。样本类型主要为痰[38.06%(3 119例)]和支气管肺泡灌洗液[28.80%(2 360例)]。有30.98%(2 539株)对至少1种抗结核药物耐药,耐多药(MDR)MTB占7.99%(655株),准广泛耐药MTB占4.00%(328株)。MTB对环丝氨酸的耐药率逐年下降(P<0.05),对乙胺丁醇的耐药率在2025年显著下降(P<0.05),对阿米卡星、异烟肼、利福平等其他10种药物的耐药率均无显著变化(P>0.05)。2023—2025年,MDR MTB对乙胺丁醇、莫西沙星、氧氟沙星、环丝氨酸的耐药率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2025年准广泛耐药MTB对乙胺丁醇的耐药率低于2023、2024年。阿米卡星、卡那霉素、利福平、链霉素耐药菌株均以高水平耐药为主,环丝氨酸、乙胺丁醇耐药菌株多表现为低水平耐药。结论 2023—2025年同济大学附属上海市肺科医院MDR和准广泛耐药MTB整体耐药情况未发生显著变化;MTB临床分离株对环丝氨酸和乙胺丁醇的耐药率显著下降;阿米卡星、卡那霉素、利福平和链霉素耐药菌株存在高水平耐药。应持续开展MTB耐药监测,以指导临床合理选用抗结核药物。

关键词: 结核分枝杆菌, 体外药物敏感性试验, 耐多药结核病

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the drug susceptibility profiles and their trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) clinical isolates to 12 anti-tuberculosis drugs at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital of Tongji University,from 2023 to 2025. Methods A total of 8 195 tuberculosis patients were enrolled from January 2023 to December 2025 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital of Tongji University. MTB was isolated and cultured,followed by in vitro drug susceptibility testing(DST) for 12 anti-tuberculosis drugs,and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) were determined. Only the first isolate from each patient was included. The clinical data were collected. Results Among the 8 195 MTB isolates,64.38%(5 276 isolates) were collected from male patients,and 47.56%(3 898 isolates) were collected from elderly patients(>60 years). The main clinical specimens were sputum(38.06%,3 119 cases) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(28.80%,2 360 cases). Resistance to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug MTB was observed in 30.98%(2 539 isolates) ,with multidrug-resistant(MDR) MTB accounting for 7.99%(655 isolates) and pre-extensively drug-resistant MTB for 4.00%(328 isolates). The resistance rate to cycloserine decreased annually(P<0.05),while resistance to ethambutol significantly declined in 2025(P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in resistance rates to the other 10 drugs,including amikacin,isoniazid and rifampicin(P>0.05). From 2023 to 2025,MDR-TB isolates showed statistical significance in resistance rates to ethambutol,moxifloxacin,ofloxacin and cycloserine(P<0.05). The resistance rate of pre-extensively drug-resistant MTB to ethambutol in 2025 was lower than those in 2023 and 2024. High-level resistance was predominant among isolates resistant to amikacin,kanamycin,rifampicin and streptomycin,whereas low-level resistance was more common in those resistant to cycloserine and ethambutol. Conclusions Between 2023 and 2025,there was no significant change in overall MDR and pre-extensively drug-resistant MTB at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital of Tongji University. However,resistance rates to cycloserine and ethambutol decreased. High-level resistance remains prevalent in amikacin,kanamycin,rifampicin and streptomycin-resistant isolates. Continuous in vitro DST monitoring of MTB is essential to guide rational use of anti-tuberculosis drugs in clinical practice.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, In vitro drug susceptibility test, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

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