检验医学 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 716-721.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2018.08.011

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武汉大学人民医院多重耐药菌感染现状分析

郭静, 李从荣()   

  1. 武汉大学人民医院检验科,湖北 武汉 430060
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-16 出版日期:2018-08-10 发布日期:2018-09-07
  • 作者简介:null

    作者简介:郭 静,女,1993年生,学士,主要从事临床微生物耐药机制及检测方法研究。

Infection status analysis of multi-drug resistant bacteria in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

GUO Jing, LI Congrong()   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,Hubei,China
  • Received:2017-06-16 Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-09-07

摘要:

目的 了解武汉大学人民医院多重耐药(MDR)菌的分布及耐药情况,为合理使用抗菌药物及控制院内感染提供依据。方法 回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年3月—2017年3月分离的MDR菌的来源及耐药情况。结果 从住院患者各类临床样本中分离出非重复细菌7 402株,其中MDR菌为1 701株,检出率为22.99%。重点监测的7种MDR菌比例分别为产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌(ESBL-Eco)占39.15%(666/1 701)、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)占22.52%(382 /1 701)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占14.87%(253/1 701)、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌(ESBL-Kpn)占7.34%(125/1 701)、耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)占7.34%(125/1 701)、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)占6.46%(110/1 701)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)占0.76%(13/1 701)。MDR菌主要分布在普外科、重症医学科、神经内科和呼吸内科等。在检出MDR菌的样本中,痰液占41.45%,中段尿占34.83%。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南的耐药率分别为1.43%、1.31%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星的耐药率分别为11.82%、11.82%、10.52%;除了黏菌素、替加环素和米诺环素外,鲍曼不动杆菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均在70%以上;铜绿假单胞菌对各种抗菌药物的耐药率均低于23%;分别检出8株和4株对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和屎肠球菌,未发现对这2种抗菌药物耐药的粪肠球菌。结论 MDR菌感染形势严峻,已经成为医院感染的主要病原体,定期进行常见MDR菌的耐药监测,对于临床合理使用抗菌药物和医院感染的控制具有重要意义。

关键词: 医院感染, 多重耐药菌, 耐药情况

Abstract:

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of multi-drug resistant(MDR) bacteria in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,and to provide a reference for using antibiotics rationally and controlling nosocomial infection.Methods The MDR bacteria isolated from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed retrospectively from March 2016 to March 2017.Results A total of 7 402 clinical isolates were collected. There were 1 701 isolates of MDR bacteria,and the determination rate was 22.99%. The top 7 MDR bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-Escherichia coli(ESBL-Eco) accounting for 39.15%(666/1 701),carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) accounting for 22.52%(382/1 701),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) accounting for 14.87%(253/1 701),extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase-Klebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL-Kpn)accounting for 7.34%(125/1 701),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) accounting for 7.35%(125/1 701),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA) accounting for 6.46%(110/1 701) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE) accounting for 0.76%(13/1 701). The MDR bacteria were mainly distributed in general surgery,intensive medical department,neurology and respiratory medicine departments. Among 41.45% of sputum samples and 34.83% of midstream urine samples,MDR bacteria were found. The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and meropenem were 1.43% and 1.31%,respectively. The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem,meropenem and amikacin were 11.82%,11.82% and 10.52%,respectively. Except colistin,tigecycline and minocycline,the drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to the other antibiotics were higher than 70%. The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibiotics were lower than 23%. There were 8 isolates and 4 isolates of vancomycin- and teicoplanin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium,respectively. There was no vancomycin- and teicoplanin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusions The status of MDR bacterium infection is grim,and it has become the main pathogen of nosocomial infection,so the drug resistance monitoring of MDR bacteria for the rational use of antibiotics and nosocomial infection control is of great significance.

Key words: Nosocomial infection, Multi-drug resistant bacterium, Drug resistance

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