Laboratory Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 666-672.

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A risk prediction model for depressive disorders in children based on serum amino acids and cytokines

JIN Weifeng1, LI Dan2, WANG Mengxia2, PAN Nuoxuan2, ZHANG Hong1(), LIN Ping2()   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200040,China
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200030,China
  • Received:2024-11-20 Revised:2025-04-10 Online:2025-07-30 Published:2025-07-28

Abstract:

Objective To establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of depressive disorders in children based on serum amino acids and cytokines,and to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Methods A total of 103 children with depressive disorders (depressive disorder group) from Shanghai Mental Health Center from January to October 2024 and 54 healthy children undergoing physical examinations (healthy control group) were enrolled. Ten cytokines and 23 amino acids in serum of all the subjects were determined by flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,respectively. Variates were screened by LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model based on the screened variates was established. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and clinical decision curve. Results Serum levels of tryptophan,phenylalanine,threonine,arginine,methionine,alanine,asparagine,glutamic acid,leucine,lysine,proline,tyrosine,valine,ornithine,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),kynurenine,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA),interferon-alpha(IFN-α),interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-2(IL-2) showed statistical significance between depressive disorder group and healthy control group(P<0.1). Five variates(arginine,asparagine,glutamic acid,5-HT and IL-2)were selected using LASSO regression analysis. Decreased levels of arginine,asparagine and 5-HT,along with elevated levels of glutamic acid and IL-2,were all independent risk factors for the development of depressive disorders in children(P<0.05). The nomogram prediction model constructed based on the 5 selected variates had an area under curve(AUC) of 0.961 for diagnosing depressive disorder,with an internal validation AUC of 0.939. The predicted probability of the nomogram model showed good agreement with the actual probability(Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.510 6). The model demonstrated high net benefit rates within the threshold probability range of 0.02% to 98.00%,with a maximum net benefit rate of 0.6. Conclusions The nomogram prediction model based on arginine,asparagine,glutamic acid,5-HT and IL-2 demonstrates high efficacy in the diagnosis of childhood depressive disorders and may serve as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing depression in children.

Key words: Amino acid, Cytokine, Nomogram prediction model, Depressive disorder, Children

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