智能口咽拭子采样机器人现场应用评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.01.016

检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 90-95.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.01.016

智能口咽拭子采样机器人现场应用评价

秦硕¹, 王莹², 刘利², 熊怡², 田勇², 王雪清², 熊衍文³, 李少强⁴, 周承志⁴, 王晓玲²(), 刘志贞¹()

1. 山西医科大学医学科学院，山西太原 030001
2. 山西省中医院检验科，山西太原 030012
3. 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所，北京 102206
4. 广州医科大学附属第一医院，广东广州 510182

收稿日期:2024-04-21 修回日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-01-30 发布日期:2025-02-17
通讯作者: 王晓玲，E-mail：wangxiaoling24@163.com。
刘志贞，E-mail：zhizhenliu2013@163.com。
作者简介:秦硕，女，1998年生，硕士，主要从事呼吸道传染病研究。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2301101);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2301105)

Field application evaluation of intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot

QIN Shuo¹, WANG Ying², LIU Li², XIONG Yi², TIAN Yong², WANG Xueqing², XIONG Yanwen³, LI Shaoqiang⁴, ZHOU Chengzhi⁴, WANG Xiaoling²(), LIU Zhizhen¹()

1. Academy of Medical Sciences，Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，Shanxi，China
2. Department of Clinical Laboratory，Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital，Taiyuan 030012，Shanxi，China
3. National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention，Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Beijing 102206，China
4. The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University，Guangzhou 510182，Guangdong，China

Received:2024-04-21 Revised:2024-09-10 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-02-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的评价智能口咽拭子采样机器人（简称机器人）进行现场人群口咽拭子采样的有效性和准确性，分析可能影响机器人采样结果的相关因素。方法招募168名参加现场机器人采样的山西医科大学在校师生，其中52名同时进行人工和机器人采样，其余116名仅进行机器人采样。收集受试者基本信息和采样舒适度调查问卷。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行新型冠状病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、人鼻病毒、肺炎支原体核酸检测，比较2种采样方式不同基本特征受试者PCR检测结果差异。结果机器人采样样本内标循环阈值（Ct）（29.5±1.8）<人工采样样本内标Ct值（30.4±2.0），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；女性受试者和高身高受试者2种采样方式的样本内标Ct值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2种采样方式新型冠状病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、人鼻病毒、肺炎支原体核酸检测结果差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。调查问卷统计结果显示，168名受试者中，接受机器人采样无咽部刺激反应者占72%；不同性别、身高受试者接受机器人采样后有无咽部刺激反应和采样舒适度评价差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。受试者的性别、身高与其接受机器人采样产生的咽部刺激反应和采样舒适度无相关性（P>0.05）。结论机器人可针对不同人群开展标准化采样；在保证样本质量的前提下，采样过程可避免交叉感染。

关键词: 智能口咽拭子采样机器人, 呼吸道传染病, 口咽拭子, 病原体核酸检测, 现场应用

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot for on-site human oropharyngeal swab sampling，and to analyze the related factors that may affect the sampling process of the intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot. Methods Totally，168 teachers and students of Shanxi Medical University were enrolled to participate in on-site intelligent robot sampling. The 52 of them were sampled by both artificial and intelligent robot，and 116 were sampled only by intelligent robot. Questionnaires containing basic information and sampling comfort were collected. Real-time fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction（PCR）was used for nucleic acid determinations of novel coronavirus，influenza A virus，influenza B virus，respiratory syncytial virus，adenovirus，human rhinovirus and mycoplasma pneumoniae，and the difference in determination results of subjects with different basic characteristics of the 2 sampling methods was compared. Results The internal standard cycle threshold（Ct）value of the intelligent robot sampling（29.5±1.8） was lower than that of artificial sampling（30.4±2.0）（P<0.05）. There was statistical significance in Ct values of internal standard between the 2 sampling methods of female subjects and tall subjects（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the nucleic acid determination results of novel coronavirus，influenza A virus，influenza B virus，respiratory syncytial virus，adenovirus，human rhinovirus and mycoplasma pneumoniae between the 2 sampling methods （P>0.05）. The questionnaire showed that 72% of the subjects receiving intelligent robot sampling had no pharyngeal stimulation response，and there was no statistical significance in the overall composition ratio of pharyngeal stimulation response and sampling comfort of subjects with different genders and heights（P>0.05）. The gender and height of the subjects had no correlation with the pharyngeal stimulation response and sampling comfort（P>0.05）. Conclusions The intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot can carry out standardized sampling for different populations. Under the premise of ensuring sample quality，the sampling process can avoid cross infection and reduce the burden of medical personnel.

Key words: Intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot, Respiratory infectious disease, Oropharyngeal swab sampling, Pathogen nucleic acid determination, On-site application

中图分类号:

R446.1

秦硕, 王莹, 刘利, 熊怡, 田勇, 王雪清, 熊衍文, 李少强, 周承志, 王晓玲, 刘志贞. 智能口咽拭子采样机器人现场应用评价[J]. 检验医学, 2025, 40(1): 90-95.

QIN Shuo, WANG Ying, LIU Li, XIONG Yi, TIAN Yong, WANG Xueqing, XIONG Yanwen, LI Shaoqiang, ZHOU Chengzhi, WANG Xiaoling, LIU Zhizhen. Field application evaluation of intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot[J]. Laboratory Medicine, 2025, 40(1): 90-95.

图/表 7

图1 机器人采样流程和现场采样情况注：（a）机器人采样流程；采样流程，机器人信息；（b）机器人外观；（c）（d）（e）（f）为机器人采样现场图片。

表1 人工采样组和机器人采样组受试者基础信息

组别	例数	年龄/岁	性别		身高/cm	体重/kg
组别	例数	年龄/岁	男/例	女/例	身高/cm	体重/kg
人工采样组	52	27.2±5.8	9	43	167.0±6.5	59.6±9.3
机器人采样组	168	22.9±4.8	53	115	167.0±7.4	59.9±10.4

图2 人工采样和机器人采样样本内标Ct值比较

图3 不同性别受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较注：（a）不同性别受试者人工采样样本内标Ct值比较；（b）不同性别受试者机器人采样样本内标Ct值比较；（c）女性受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较；（d）男性受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较。

图4 不同身高受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较注：（a）不同身高受试者人工采样样本内标Ct值比较；（b）不同身高受试者机器人采样样本内标Ct值比较；（c）正常身高受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较；（d）高身高受试者不同采样方式样本内标Ct值比较。

表2 受试者性别、身高与机器人采样后咽部刺激反应的关系名

项目	无咽部刺激反应	有咽部刺激反应	合计	χ²值	P值
性别				0.457	0.499
男性	40	13	53
女性	81	34	115
身高				0.380	0.537
正常身高	34	11	45
高身高	87	36	123
合计	121	47	168

表3 受试者性别、身高与机器人采样舒适度的关系名

项目	不适	一般	舒适	χ²值	P值
性别				0.743	0.774
男性	2	13	38
女性	8	25	82
身高				4.135	0.127
正常身高	0	12	33
高身高	10	26	87
合计	10	38	120

参考文献 14

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智能口咽拭子采样机器人现场应用评价

Field application evaluation of intelligent oropharyngeal swab sampling robot

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