检验医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 437-442.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.05.004

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

难治性哮喘患儿反复呼吸道感染列线图模型的建立和验证

芮隽, 孔飞, 袁雪晶()   

  1. 南京中医药大学附属医院(江苏省中医院)儿科,江苏 南京 210029
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 修回日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-05-30 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 袁雪晶,E-mail:yuanxuejing2007@126.com
  • 作者简介:芮 隽,男,1990年生,硕士,主治医师,主要从事儿童呼吸道疾病诊治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(YB202006)

Establishment and validation of a nomogram of recurrent respiratory infections in children with refractory asthma

RUI Jun, KONG Fei, YUAN Xuejing()   

  1. Pediatric Department,Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China
  • Received:2024-05-07 Revised:2024-10-11 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-06-04

摘要:

目的 探讨难治性哮喘患儿反复呼吸道感染的危险因素,建立列线图模型并验证。方法 选取2021年1月—2023年12月南京中医药大学附属医院处于急性发作期的难治性哮喘患儿415例,根据是否发生反复呼吸道感染分为反复呼吸道感染组(76例)和非反复呼吸道感染组(339例)。收集所有患儿的临床资料和实验室检测结果。采用二元Logistic回归分析评估难治性哮喘患儿反复呼吸道感染的影响因素,采用R软件rms包构建列线图模型,通过校正曲线、临床决策曲线、临床影响曲线和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的临床适用性和诊断效能。结果 反复呼吸道感染组白细胞(WBC)计数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、IgE、CD4+/CD8+比值、哮喘发作次数≥3次和合并鼻炎或鼻窦炎比例高于非反复呼吸道感染组(P<0.05),血小板(PLT)计数、CD4+T细胞百分比(CD4+%)和 CD8+T细胞百分比(CD8+%)低于非反复呼吸道感染组(P<0.05)。IgE升高、PLT计数降低、CD4+%降低、合并鼻炎或鼻窦炎和哮喘发作次数≥3次是难治性支气管哮喘患儿发生反复呼吸道感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于以上因素构建的列线图模型判断难治性支气管哮喘患儿发生反复呼吸道感染的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.909。模型预测概率和实际概率具有高度一致性,当阈概率值为0.02~0.91时,临床净获益>0,模型预测结果与实际结果基本符合。结论 基于PLT计数、IgE、CD4+%、合并鼻炎或鼻窦炎和哮喘发作次数构建的列线图模型可为识别难治性支气管哮喘患儿中的反复呼吸道感染高危患儿提供参考,具有较好的临床适用性。

关键词: 反复呼吸道感染, 难治性支气管哮喘, 列线图模型

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the risk factors of recurrent respiratory infections in children with refractory asthma,and to establish and verity a nomogram model. Methods A total of 415 children with refractory asthma in acute exacerbation admitted to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were enrolled and classified into recurrent respiratory infection group(76 cases)and non-recurrent respiratory infection group(339 cases). Binary Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors of recurrent respiratory infections in children with refractory asthma. The nomogram model was constructed by rms packape of R software. The clinical applicability and diagnostic efficiency of the model were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,calibration curve,decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve. Results The white blood cell (WBC) count,C-reactive protein (CRP),IgE,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,the number of asthma attacks≥3 times and the proportion of rhinitis or sinusitis in recurrent respiratory infection group were higher than those in non-recurrent respiratory infection group (P<0.05). The platelet(PLT)count,CD4+T cell percentage (CD4+%) and CD8+T cell percentage (CD8+%) were lower than those in non-recurrent respiratory infection group (P<0.05). Increased IgE,decreased PLT count,decreased CD4+%,combined rhinitis or sinusitis and asthma attacks≥3 times were independent risk factors for recurrent respiratory infection in children with refractory asthma (P<0.05). Based on the above factors,the nomogram model determined that the area under curve (AUC) of recurrent respiratory infection in children with refractory asthma was 0.909,and the predicted probability of the model was consistent with the actual probability. When the threshold probability value was 0.02-0.91,the clinical net benefit was >0,and the predicted results of the model are basically consistent with the actual results. Conclusions PLT count,IgE,CD4+,whether to combine rhinitis or sinusitis and the number of asthma attacks are related to recurrent respiratory infection in children with refractory asthma. The nomogram model constructed based on the above factors can provide a reference for the identification of high-risk children and has certain clinical applicability.

Key words: Recurrent respiratory infection, Refractory asthma, Nomogram

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