Table of Content

30 December 2023, Volume 38 Issue 12

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Research status and application prospects of biomarkers for membranous nephropathy

FAN Lieying

2023, 38(12):  1111-1114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.001

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Membranous nephropathy（MN） is the most common pathological type of adult nephrotic syndrome and a significant contributor to adult end-stage renal disease. The course of MN varies，with 1/3 patients experiencing spontaneous remission or stable disease，while 1/3 patients continue to progress. Without timely diagnosis and standardized treatment，MN can lead to end-stage renal disease. Therefore，early determination of patients with poor prognosis，timely standardized treatment and regular follow-up are crucial. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing MN. Recently，the clinical application of anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor（PLA2R） antibody determination has improved the diagnosis and treatment of MN. According to the latest MN diagnosis and treatment guidelines，it is now clear that renal biopsy is not necessary to confirm the diagnosis of MN after ruling out secondary MN. With research progress，several new potential markers for MN，including thrombospondin type1 domain-containing 7A（THSD7A），have been discovered. These markers are valuable for assisting in the diagnosis of anti-PLA2R antibody-negative MN. Therefore，it is important to conduct further clinical research on these new MN biomarkers and utilize a comprehensive approach to their application in order to enhance the accuracy of MN diagnosis and treatment.

Roles of anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio in primary membranous nephropathy

SUN Lincheng, LI Jianfeng, CHENG Weili, JI Panyun

2023, 38(12):  1115-1120.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.002

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Objective To investigate the roles of anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor（PLA2R） IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio in prognostic assessment of primary membranous nephropathy（PMN）. Methods Totally，58 PMN patients from Nanyang First People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled. The clinical data，pathological examination data and clinical laboratory determination results of all the patients were collected，and serum levels of anti-PLA2R IgG antibody and anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody were determined to calculate PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio. All the patients were followed up for 3-24 months and were classified into remission group and non-remission group based on the efficacy. The correlation between various indicators was evaluated by Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis. The remission rate of PMN patients with different levels of anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results Among the 58 PMN patients，51（87.93%） cases were PLA2R positive，and 7（12.07%） cases were negative. Serum anti-PLA2R IgG antibody，anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio in PLA2R positive group were higher than those in PLA2R negative group（P）. PLA2R was positively correlated with anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio（r=0.276 and 0.283，P<0.05）. Anti-PLA2R IgG antibody and anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）（r=0.283 and 0.382，P<0.05），while anti-PLA2R IgG antibody and anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）（r=-0.379 and -0.425，P<0.05）. Anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody was positively correlated with anti-PLA2R IgG antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio（r=0.817 and 0.714，P<0.001）. After standardized treatment and follow-up for 3-24 months，41 out of 58 PMN patients（70.69%） experienced remission. Urinary protein，anti-PLA2R IgG antibody，anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio in remission group before and 24 h after treatment were lower than those in non-remission group（P<0.05）. After treatment，serum albumin（Alb） level in remission group was higher than that in non-remission group（P<0.001）. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis results showed that patients with low anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody levels and low PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio had higher remission rates than those with high anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody levels and high PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio，respectively. Conclusions Anti-PLA2R IgG4 antibody and PLA2R IgG4/IgG ratio may serve as the indicators for evaluating the efficacy of PMN treatment.

CXCL9 as a potential diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis based on GEO database and experimental verification

LIU Qingyang, YUAN Jianming, XIA Jinjun, JIANG Fengying, WANG Qiubo, WANG Xiaoming

2023, 38(12):  1121-1129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.003

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Objective To find the biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis（RA） through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Methods Transcriptome microarray data（GSE12021 and GSE55235）of RA and osteoarthritis（OA） were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO） database，and differentially expressed genes（DEG） were screened. Enrichment analysis was conducted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） and Gene Ontology（GO） pathways，and the protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed to identify hub genes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell（PBMC） samples of 30 patients with RA（RA group），30 patients with OA（OA group） and 30 healthy subjects（healthy control group） who were admitted to Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital from March 2023 to September 2023 were collected to verify the expression level of hub genes，and receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the hub genes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between hub genes and clinical RA symptom evaluation indicators，including tender joint count（TJC），swollen joint count（SJC） and 28-joint disease activity score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate（DAS28-ESR） score. Results A total of 120 DEG were screened，of which 56 were up-regulated and 64 were down-regulated. The results of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEG mostly enriched in biological processes such as immune regulation，leukocyte proliferation，adaptive immunity，signal pathway mediated by cytokines and chemokines and so on. Three hub genes [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand（CXCL） 9，CXCL11 and guanylate binding protein 1（GBP1）] were identified by PPI network. The relative expression of CXCL9 in PMBC in RA group was higher than those in OA group and healthy control group（P<0.01），and the relative expression of CXCL11 in PMBC in RA group was higher than that in healthy control group（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the relative expression of GBP1 among the 3 groups（P>0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under curves（AUC） of relative expression of CXCL9 in diagnosing RA were 0.890 and 0.660，respectively，compared with healthy control group and OA group. Correlation analysis showed that the relative expression of CXCL9 was positively correlated with TJC，SJC and DAS28-ESR score（r values were 0.604 6，0.752 6 and 0.789 6，respectively，P<0.001）. Conclusions The expression of CXCL9 in PMBC of RA patients is increased，which was related to the severity of RA. CXCL9 may be a potential diagnostic marker of RA.

Serum miR-148a expression in children with autoimmune hepatitis and its correlation with inflammatory factors

ZHOU Ying, REN Yihui, LI Guangming

2023, 38(12):  1130-1134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.004

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Objective To investigate serum miR-148a expression in children with autoimmune hepatitis（AIH） and its correlation with inflammatory factors. Methods Totally，45 AIH children（AIH group） and 53 healthy subjects（healthy control group） were enrolled from Nanyang First People's Hospital from January 2018 to March 2021. Serum miR-148a，IgG and inflammatory factors [transforming growth factor-beta（TGF-β），interleukin-17（IL-17） and interleukin-23（IL-23）]，liver function [aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and gamma-glutamyltransferase（GGT）] and autoantibodies [anti-nuclear antibody（ANA），anti-liver cytosol type 1（LC-1） antibody，anti-smooth muscle antibody（ASMA） and anti-liver and kidney microsome（LKM） antibody] were determined. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between miR-148a levels and various indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of AIH occurrence. Results In AIH group，the levels of serum IgG，AST，ALT，GGT，IL-17 and IL-23，the relative expression of miR-148a and the positive rates of ANA，anti-LC-1 antibody，ASMA and anti-LKM antibody were higher than those in healthy control group（P<0.001）. TGF- β was lower than that in healthy control group（P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-148a was positively correlated with IL-17，IL-23 and IgG（r=0.504，0.533 and 0.392，respectively，P<0.05），and there was a negative correlation with TGF-β（r=-0.527，P<0.05）. The positive rates of ANA，anti-LC-1 antibody，ASMA and anti-LKM antibody in miR-148a high expression group were higher than those in miR-148a low expression group（P<0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased levels of IL-17，IL-23 and miR-148a and the decreased level of TGF-β were independent risk factors for AIH occurrence（P<0.05）. Conclusions Serum miR-148a in children with AIH is related to inflammatory factors and autoantibodies，which may be involved in AIH occurrence.

Influence of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody on indirect immunofluorescence assay based antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody determination

YANG Xiao, LI Enling, WU Lixia, DAI Yingxin, WANG Zhiqing, HUANG Hao, ZHENG Bing

2023, 38(12):  1135-1140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.005

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Objective To investigate the influence of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody（ANA）on indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA） based antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody（ANCA）determination. Methods Totally，66 patients with non-ANCA-associated vasculitis with ANA patterns of cytoplasmic fibrillar linear（AC-15，2 cases），cytoplasmic fibrillar filamentous（AC-16，4 cases），cytoplasmic discrete dots/GW body-like（AC-18，7 cases），cytoplasmic dense fine speckled（AC-19，25 cases），cytoplasmic fine speckled（AC-20，13 cases）and cytoplasmic reticular/AMA（AC-21，15 cases）were enrolled from Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June to July 2023. IFA was carried out for ANCA，western blot was carried out for anti-extractable nuclear antigen（ENA）antibody spectrum and anti-autoimmune liver disease（AILD）antibody spectrum，and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used for anti-double-stranded DNA（dsDNA） antibody，anti-nucleosome antibody and ANCA spectrum. Results Among 66 cases of cytoplasmic ANA，98.5%（65/66）were ANCA negative，and 1 case（1.5%） of atypical cytoplasmic ANA（cANCA）was ANCA negative. In ethanol-fixed human neutrophils，42.4%（28/66） were negative，30.3%（20/66）were atypical ANCA，22.7%（15/66）were perinuclear ANCA（pANCA），and 4.5%（3/66）were cANCA. The positive rate of formalin fixed neutrophils was 1.5%（1/66）. The 96%（24/25）of AC-19 samples were positive in ethanol-fixed substrate，48.0%（12/25）for pANCA，44.0%（11/25）for atypical ANCA，and 4.0%（1/25） for atypical cANCA. The positive rate of pANCA was higher when accompanied with anti-ribosomal P protein antibody than anti-ribosomal protein（Rib. P） antibody negative（64.7%，12.5%，P=0.02）. AC-21 mainly showed as negative and atypical ANCA in ethanol-fixed substrate，whose percentages were both 40.0%（6/15），13.3%（2/15） for cANCA，and 6.7%（1/15） for pANCA. AC-15，AC-16，AC-18 and AC-20 were mainly negative in ethanol-fixed substrate，and most of the positive samples in ethanol-fixed substrate were positive when accompanied with anti-ENA antibody spectrum. Conclusions Cytoplasmic ANA has little interference on formalin fixed neutrophils in IFA based ANCA determination，and the interference of cytoplasmic ANA in ethanol-fixed neutrophils mostly shows in AC-19 and AC-21. Interferences showing as pANCA or atypical ANCA may occur when these 2 ANA patterns combining with other nuclear antigens.

ANA profiles in COVID-19 patients and influence of serum heat-inactivation on ANA determination

XIANG Jin, LIU Aiping, HU Yao, WU Zhiyuan, CAO Guojun, GUAN Ming

2023, 38(12):  1141-1146.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.006

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Objective To investigate the characteristics of antinuclear antibody（ANA） profiles in patients with corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） and the influence of serum heat-inactivation on ANA determination. Methods Totally，49 patients with autoimmune disease（AID） from Baoshan Branch of Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from March to May 2022 were enrolled among whom the characteristics of ANA positive results were analyzed. After heating sera with metal bath at 56 ℃ for 30 min（observation group），the differences in the results of ANA by indirect immunofluorescent assay and line immunoassay between observation group and control group（untreated sera） were compared. Results The ANA determination was positive in 48.98% of patients' sera，with 22（91.7%） being positive with a low titer（≤1∶320） and 2（8.3%） being positive with a middle titer（≥1∶1 000）. ANA patterns were diverse，including 6 cases of AC-4（fine speckled），5 cases of AC-1（homogeneous），2 cases of AC-3（centromere），1 case of AC-10（punctate nucleolar），3 cases of AC-20（cytoplasmic fine speckled） and 7 cases of mixed patterns. There was no statistical significance in ORF1ab gene，N gene Ct values and the nucleic acid conversion time between ANA positive and ANA negative groups（P>0.05）. The positive rate of ANA was the highest in COVID-19 patients with AID（55.6%），which was not significantly different from that in patients with non-AID（48.4%） and without underlying diseases（44.4%）（P>0.05）. There was no statistical significance in types and intensity of ANA patterns and specific antibodies between observation and control groups with positive ANA results，and the results of ANA negative ones stayed negative after serum heat inactivation. Conclusions Positive ANA shows limited impact on disease outcome. Serum heat inactivation at 56 ℃ for 30 min will not change the results of ANA determination，patterns，titers，target antigen determination in patients with COVID-19.

Expression and risk factors of anti-ACE-2 antibody in serum of patients with COVID-19

CHENG Yu, XU Zhen, LU Liu, DING Menglei, YU Shanshan, ZONG Ming, FAN Lieying

2023, 38(12):  1147-1152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.007

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Objective To investigate the expression of anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme-2（ACE-2） antibody in patients with corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） and its risk factors. Methods A total of 196 COVID-19 patients（COVID-19 group） were enrolled from Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University from February to April 2023，which included 156 patients with infection（infection group） and 40 patients with recovery（rehabilitation group）. Totally，12 healthy subjects who were not infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2） during the same period were enrolled as control group. The clinical data of all the subjects were collected，and anti-ACE-2 antibody and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody were determined. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for anti-ACE-2 antibody. Results Compared with control group，the absorbance（A） value of anti-ACE-2 antibody in infection and rehabilitation groups were increased（P<0.05）. The A value was increased in mild，common，severe patients and dead patients with COVID-19（P<0.05），and that in dead group was the highest. The A value for serum anti-ACE-2 antibody in male patients was higher than that in female patients（P<0.05），and that in patients hospitalized for >27 d was higher than that in patients hospitalized for ≤27 d（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in serum anti-ACE-2 antibody A value between inpatients and outpatients during the infection period（P>0.05）. The anti-ACE-2 antibody level in inpatients was higher than that in outpatients in common group（P<0.05）. The positive rates of anti-ACE-2 antibody were 22.22% in common patients，27.50% in severe patients，38.71% in dead patients，31.82% in mild patients and 2.50% in recovery patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that the positive IgG of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and increasing age were influencing factors for positive anti-ACE-2 antibody [odds ratios（OR） were 0.115 and 1.047，and 95% confidence intervals（CI） were 0.039-0.346 and 1.005-1.091，respectively]. Conclusions Anti-ACE-2 antibody is related to the severity of COVID-19 patients. Both age and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody are influencing factors associated with anti-ACE-2 antibody.

Risk factors of relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

WANG Hongling, LIU Mengna, BAI Ping, LIAO Huanjin

2023, 38(12):  1160-1166.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.010

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Objective To investigate the risk factors of relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT） in patients with acute myeloid leukemia（AML），and to provide a reference for early clinical identification of high risk factors and timely intervention. Methods A retrospective study of 132 patients diagnosed with AML and treated with allo-HSCT in Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School fo Medicine from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2020 was performed. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence factors of relapse following allo-HSCT. Results Out of 132 cases，25 cases relapsed after allo-HSCT. The median time of relapse was 5 months. TP53 gene mutation and pre-transplant status had statistical significance between relapsed group and non-relapsed group（P<0.05）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that white blood cell count ≥100×10⁹/L at first diagnosis，TP53 gene mutation and no remission（NR） before transplantation were independent risk factors for relapse after allo-HSCT（P<0.05）. Log-rank χ² test showed that there was statistical significance in relapse free survival（RFS） between white blood cell count ≥100×10⁹/L and <100×10⁹/L groups at first diagnosis，TP53 gene mutation group and wild type group，NR group and complete remission（CR） group before transplantation（P<0.05）. Conclusions White blood cell count ≥100×10⁹/L at first diagnosis，TP53 gene mutation and NR before transplantation are associated with high risk of relapse after allo-HSCT in AML patients.

Correlation between hyperlipidemia and endothelial microparticles in elderly patients from Gulou Community in Nanjing

YANG Xilan, WANG Jinyu, LIU Shuyu, ZHAN Yiyang, LIU Jing, JIA Jian

2023, 38(12):  1167-1172.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.011

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Objective To investigate the correlation between endothelial microparticles（EMP） and hyperlipidemia in elderly patients from Gulou Community in Nanjing. Methods Totally，100 elderly patients first diagnosed with hyperlipidemia at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Gulou Community in Nanjing from July 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled as hyperlipidemia group，while 100 healthy elderly subjects were enrolled as control group. The general data，blood routine test results [white blood cell（WBC） count，red blood cell（RBC） count，platelet（PLT） count，hemoglobin（Hb）]，biochemical item determination results [triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TG），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C），alanine aminotransferase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），blood urea nitrogen（BUN），serum creatinine（SCr），uric acid（UA），fasting blood glucose（FBG），high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）]，inflammatory factor determination results [interleukin（IL）-1β，tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）] and EMP were collected. The independent risk factors of hyperlipidemia were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. Results Compared with control group，the levels of TC，TG，LDL-C，ALT，AST，hs-CRP，IL-1β，TNF-α and EMP in hyperlipidemia group were increased（P<0.01），and the levels of HDL-C were decreased（P<0.001）. There was no statistical significance in BUN，SCr，UA and FBG between the 2 groups（P>0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AST，hs-CRP，TNF-α，systolic blood pressure and EMP were independent risk factors for hyperlipidemic in elderly population [odds ratios（OR） were 1.089，1.528，1.048，1.065 and 1.946，95% confidence intervals（CI） were 1.031-1.150，1.197-1.951，1.024-1.072，1.026-1.106 and 1.166-3.248，P<0.05]. Conclusions EMP may be used as a biomarker of endothelial injury in elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.

Analysis of Mycobacterium infection in HIV/AIDS patients

DAI Fangfang, LU Xinxin, YU Yanhua, CHEN Ming, SUN Guizhen

2023, 38(12):  1173-1176.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.012

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Objective To analyze the determination of Mycobacterium infection in human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS）patients. Methods Totally，1 379 Mycobacterium acid-fast staining specimens，1 975 Mycobacterium culture specimens，1 406 Mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB）-polymerase chain reaction（PCR） specimens and 522 interferon-gamma release assay（IGRA） specimens were collected from HIV/AIDS patients from January 2018 to December 2021 Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University. The results of these specimens by the 4 methods were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Results The positive rates of acid-fast staining，culture，MTB-PCR and IGRA were 3.41%，5.47%，5.83% and 11.49%，respectively. The positive rates of acid-fast staining and culture were improved，when they were determined with MTB-PCR or IGRA. The positive rate was high when the 4 methods were used simultaneously，and it was easy to distinguish MTB from non-tuberculous Mycobacterium（NTM）. MTB-PCR and IGRA were the specific methods for the identification of MTB，and their identification results were consistent. Conclusions In HIV/AIDS patients with Mycobacterium infection，the positive rates of acid-fast staining and culture are low. MTB-PCR and IGRA can distinguish MTB from NTM. When HIV/AIDS patients are suspected with Mycobacterium infection，it is recommended to combine multiple determination methods.

Expression and near-term prognostic predictive value of plasma biomarkers in chronic kidney disease patients with thromboembolism

GU Yu, LIANG Xiaoyan, MA Shenghui, TONG Na, CHENG Mingyan, YAN Zejun

2023, 38(12):  1177-1182.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.013

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Objective To investigate the expression and near-term prognostic predictive value of plasma biomarkers in chronic kidney disease（CKD） patients with thromboembolism. Methods Totally，93 CKD patients with thromboembolism in Chengde Central Hospital from May 2018 to May 2022 were enrolled as study group，and another 93 patients with CKD alone were enrolled as control group. Plasma biomarkers [D-dimer（DD），growth arrest-specific protein 6（GAS6），platelet alpha-granular membrane protein（CD62P） and fibrinogen（Fib）] and near-term prognosis were determined. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen for near-term prognostic factors，and a line graph prediction model was developed. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P，Fib single and combined determinations in evaluating the near-term prognosis of CKD patients with thromboembolism. Results Plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P and Fib levels were higher in study group than those in control group（P<0.05）. The study group received a follow-up with a 24.73% incidence of poor prognosis and was classified into poor prognosis group（23 cases） and good prognosis group（70 cases） according to the incidence of poor prognosis. The type of thromboembolism and plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P and Fib were statistically significant between the 2 groups（P<0.05）. Plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P and Fib were factors on the near-term poor prognosis in CKD patients with thromboembolism（P<0.001）. ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under curves（AUC） [95% confidence interval（CI）] for plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P and Fib for the diagnosis of near-term prognosis in CKD patients with thromboembolism were 0.784（0.687-0.863]，0.763（0.664-0.845），0.824（0.731-0.895） and 0.794（0.698-0.871），and there was no statistical significance for the AUC of GAS6+CD62P+DD，GAS6+CD62P+Fib and CD62P+Fib+DD（P>0.05）. A predictive model for the near-term prognosis of CKD patients with thromboembolism was established based on the 4 risk factors of the line graph prediction model. The AUC of this line graph prediction model was 0.866（0.812-0.945），and the calibration curve showed that the line graph prediction model did not cross the 45° angle parity in the 80%-95%CI of the GiViTI calibration curve band. Conclusions Plasma DD，GAS6，CD62P and Fib are highly expressed in CKD patients with thromboembolism，and the combination of the 4 indicators could help improve the predictive value of near-term prognosis and guide the subsequent individualized treatment of patients.

Application of lncRNA SNP in colorectal cancer susceptibility prediction and prognosis assessment

ZHOU Furong, LI Yanzhu, LIU Yonggan

2023, 38(12):  1206-1210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2023.12.020

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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Long non-coding RNA（lncRNA） single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） play roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. As a new and less invasive biomarker，lncRNA SNP has a certain value in predicting susceptibility，assessing prognosis，determining pathologic grades and monitoring drug susceptibility of colorectal cancer.