Table of Content

30 June 2017, Volume 32 Issue 6

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Orginal Article

Microfluidic technology in saliva determination

CAO Guojun, GUAN Ming

2017, 32(6):  451-456.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.001

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Micromation and intensity are gradually becoming the development trend of human society. Microfluidic technology is characterized by fluidic operation on micron scale. Compared with traditional determination methods,microfluidic technology platforms have many advantages in clinic. In recent years,with the development of technologies,the application of microfluidic technology in saliva determination is increasing. This review gives a brief view of microfluidic technology in saliva determinations for microorganisms,tumors and other biomarkers.

Combined determination of serum miR-598-3p and CA153 in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma

SU Qian, CHEN Wenju, WANG Pan, LI Zhaoyun

2017, 32(6):  457-460.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.002

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Objective To investigate the combined determination of serum microRNA-598-3p （miR-598-3p） and carbohydrate antigen 153 （CA153）in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Methods A total of 100 breast carcinoma patients,45 benign breast disease controls and 40 healthy controls in Taizhou Central Hospital from January 2013 to September 2014. The level of serum miR-598-3p was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitation polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The level of serum CA153 was determined by chemiluminescence. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of serum miR-598-3p and CA153 single and combined determinations for diagnosing breast carcinoma. Results Compared to healthy control group,serum miR-598-3p was down-regulated,and serum CA153 was up-regulated in breast carcinoma group （P<0.01）. There was no correlation between serum miR-598-3p level and different TNM stages of breast carcinoma （P>0.05）. ROC curve showed that the sensitivities of serum miR-598-3p and CA153 were 95.0% and 66.0%,and the specificities were 85.0% and 65.0%,respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined determination of serum miR-598-3p and CA153 were 96.0% and 70.0%. Conclusions MiR-598-3p shows a good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing breast carcinoma,and the combined determination of serum miR-598-3p and CA153 could improve diagnostic efficiency.

Comparison of skin prick test and serum specific IgE test in patients with pollinosis

ZHAO Fangxin, ZHAO Pengwei, NIU Yan, ZHANG Xuan, LU Jingkun, SUN Peng, SONG Lan

2017, 32(6):  461-463.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.003

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Objective To compare the difference of skin prick test and serum specific IgE （SIgE）test in 61 patients with pollinosis in Wuhai. Methods A total of 61 patients with pollinosis were enrolled and determined by skin prick test. Serum SIgE test was performed. The results of the 2 methods were analyzed comparatively. Results Artemisia pollen was the most allergenic pollen in this area,and the results of the 2 methods were different（Z=-3.895,P<0.05）. Conclusions The results of skin prick test and serum SIgE test are different in one case,and the combined determination can improve the diagnosis efficiency.

Inhalant allergen for chronic cough

LU Zhenyu, SHAN Yongmei, SHEN Ying, HU Jiang

2017, 32(6):  464-466.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.004

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Objective To analyze the determination rates of inhalant allergen in patients with chronic cough,and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough. Methods A total of 460 patients with chronic cough were classified into groups with cough variant asthma （CVA）,eosinophil （EOS）bronchitis （EB）,upper airway cough syndrome （UACS）,gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough （GERC）and other causes,according to EOS count,induced sputum examination,bronchial provocation test and clinical symptoms. Imprinting method was used to determine specific IgE antibody for inhalant allergen. Totally,120 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. Results In CVA and EB groups,the determination rates of inhalant allergen increased. Compared with other groups and healthy control group,there was statistical significance （P<0.05）. Among the tested allergens,the top 5 positive rates were for house dust mites/dust mites（71.28%）,cockroaches（25.24%）,dog epithelia（15.35%）,house dust（13.86%）and cat hair（10.89%）. Conclusions In chronic cough patients with increasing EOS count and induced sputum examination,inhalant allergens are main causes for pathogenesis. Dust mites is a dominant inhalant allergen.

Correlation of the levels of coagulation factor ⅩⅢ and cytokines with stroke

JIANG Wenli, JIN Peipei, REN Yiqian, SHEN Lisong

2017, 32(6):  467-470.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.005

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Objective To investigate the changes of coagulation factorⅩⅢ（FⅩⅢ） and cytokines in stroke patients. Methods A total of 47 hemorrhagic stroke patients and 183 ischemic stroke patients were enrolled,and 50 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. The levels of FⅩⅢ,D-dimer,antithrombin （AT） and plasminogen （PLG） were determined,and the correlations of these coagulation system indices with stroke were analyzed. The levels of interleukin 6（IL-6）,interleukin 10 （IL-10） and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） were determined,and the correlation of cytokines with stroke was analyzed. Results The levels of FⅩⅢand PLG in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were lower than those in healthy control group（P<0.05）,the levels of D-dimer were higher than that in healthy control group（P<0.05）,and there was no statistical significance for the levels of AT between hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke patients and healthy control group （P>0.05）. The level of D-dimer in patients with hemorrhagic stroke was higher than that in patients with ischemic stroke （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for the levels of FⅩⅢ,PLG and AT （P>0.05）. The levels of IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were higher than those in healthy control group （P<0.05）. The level of IL-6 in patients with hemorrhagic stroke was higher than that in patients with ischemic stroke（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α （P>0.05）. Conclusions The levels of FⅩⅢ,PLG,D-dimer,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α play roles for the diagnosis of stroke,especially for the early diagnosis of stroke,early targeted treatment and reducing stroke morbidity and mortality.

Establishment on the reference ranges of D-dimer,fibrin（fibrinogen）degradation products and antithrombin in pregnant women

MAO Peimin, QIAN Beibei, LIU Xiaoyan

2017, 32(6):  471-473.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.006

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Objective To determine the levels of D-dimer （DD）,fibrin（fibrinogen）degradation products（FDP）and antithrombin（AT）in healthy pregnant women with different periods of pregnancy,and to establish the gestational week-specific reference ranges of DD,FDP and AT by continuous follow-up determinations. Methods A total of 90 non-pregnant women were enrolled as control group,and 140 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. In early pregnancy （<21 gestational weeks） and late pregnancy （>32 gestational weeks）,the levels of plasma DD and FDP were determined by immunoturbidimetry,and the levels of AT were determined by chromogenic substrate method. Results The levels of plasma DD,FDP and AT in pregnant women were not related to ages. The levels of plasma DD and FDP in late pregnancy group were higher than those in early pregnancy group（P<0.05） and control group （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for the levels of AT in late pregnancy group compared with those in early pregnancy and control groups （P>0.05）. The reference ranges of plasma DD,FDP and AT in early pregnancy were <0.92 mg/L,<6.00 mg/L and 70%-125%. The reference ranges of plasma DD,FDP and AT in late pregnancy were <4.14 mg/L,<13.83 mg/L and 70%-125%. Conclusions The levels of plasma DD and FDP in pregnant women increase with gestational weeks,and are not related to ages,but there was no change for the levels of AT. The reference ranges of plasma DD,FDP and AT in early and late pregnancy have been established preliminarily.

Correlation of ALOX5AP gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and carotid plaques in patients with ischemic cerebral stroke

WANG Wenhui, YANG Weihua, DU Yiqiao, LIANG Fadong, YANG Zhenhua

2017, 32(6):  474-480.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.007

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Objective To study the correlation of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein （ALOX5AP）gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and carotid plaques in patients with ischemic cerebral stroke,and to provide a reference for the early diagnosis,treatment and pathogenesis of carotid plaque-related ischemic cerebral stroke. Methods A total of 737 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke were enrolled and classified into carotid plaque group and non-carotid plaque group. Multiple polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and gene sequencing were used to analyze the 8 locus polymorphisms of ALOX5AP gene. Results Triglyceride （TG）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）,non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （non-HDL-C）,systolic blood pressure and blood glucose（Glu） levels in carotid plaque group were higher than those in non-carotid plaque group （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for the genotypes and allele frequencies of 8 loci of ALOX5AP gene between carotid plaque and non-carotid plaque groups （P>0.05）. There was no statistical significance for 8 loci of ALOX5AP gene in the formation of 2 haplotypes between carotid plaque and non-carotid plaque groups （P>0.05）. Conclusions ALOX5AP gene polymorphisms have no relationship with carotid plaque formation in ischemic cerebral stroke.

Serum homocysteine level in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion

LIU Yuan, SUN Wenqin, LU Wenhui, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Huifen

2017, 32(6):  481-485.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.008

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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine （Hcy） level and recurrent spontaneous abortion （RSA）,and to analyze the causes for hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods A total of 197 non-pregnant patients with RSA for ≥2 times were enrolled,and they were classified into non-pathologic disease group （146 cases）and pathologic disease group （51 cases）according to the results of B ultrasound and related determinations. A total of 83 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as pregnant group,and 60 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled as healthy control group. Serum levels of Hcy,folic acid （FA） and vitamin B₁₂ （Vit B₁₂） in RSA group were determined,and pregnant and healthy control groups were determined only for serum Hcy level. Results Serum Hcy level in RSA group was higher than those in pregnant group （P<0.001）and healthy control group （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for serum Hcy level in RSA group with and without pathologic diseases （P>0.05）. Serum Hcy level was lower in ≥30-year-old RSA group than that in <30-year-old RSA group （P=0.03）. Serum Hcy levels in ≥30-year-old and <30-year-old RSA groups were higher than that in age-matched pregnant group（P<0.001）. Serum Hcy level was higher in <30-year-old RSA group than that in age-matched healthy control group （P<0.05）,whereas there was no statistical significance between the 2 groups aged ≥30-year-old （P>0.05）. In non-pathologic disease group,there were 9.59% patients with increasing Hcy level,14.38% with decreasing FA level and 4.11% with decreasing Vit B₁₂ level. The incidence rate of low FA level was higher in group with high Hcy level than that with normal Hcy level （P<0.001）. There was negative correlation of Hcy with FA and Vit B₁₂ （r=-0.599 and -0.503,P<0.05）. No statistical significance was observed in serum Hcy,FA and Vit B₁₂ levels among RSA patients with different times of abortion（2,3 and ≥4 times）（P>0.05）. Conclusions RSA might be correlated with hyperhomocysteinemia,which may be caused by the deficiency of FA.

Risk factors of cardiovascular disease mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

GU Feng

2017, 32(6):  486-489.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.009

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Objective To investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease （CVD） mortality in maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients. Methods A total of 452 patients with MHD were enrolled. Total cholesterol （TC）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）,apolipoprotein A1 （apo A1）,apolipoprotein B （apo B）,lipoprotein a [Lp（a）],homocysteine （Hcy）,N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）,cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） were determined before dialysis. According to CVD mortality,MHD patients were classified into mortality group and non-mortality group,and the risk factors of CVD mortality were analyzed. Results The levels of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP in mortality group were higher than those in non-mortality group（P<0.05）,and the levels of TC and LDL-C were lower（P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for the other parameters between the 2 groups （P>0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP and hs-CRP were risk factors for CVD mortality in MHD patients [odds ratio（OR）=5.698,95% confidence interval（CI）1.908-17.014,P=0.002;OR=3.653,95%CI 1.249-10.165,P=0.018]. Conclusions There are some differences for the risk factors of CVD mortality between MHD patients and general population. NT-proBNP and hs-CRP may be independent risk factors for CVD mortality in MHD patients.

Correlations of apolipoprotein E and lipoprotein（a） with coronary heart disease

TONG Minghong, TAO Rongxia, LI Ying, WANG Zi, DING Hui, DENG Chenxia, CAO Yanan, SHENG Huiming

2017, 32(6):  490-494.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.010

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Objective To investigate the changes of apolipoprotein E （apo E） and lipoprotein（a）[Lp（a）] in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）,and to investigate the correlations of apo E and Lp（a） with CHD severity. Methods A total of 229 CHD patients diagnosed by coronary arteriongraphy were enrolled. They were classified into 3 groups,unstable angina pectoris （UAP） group（73 cases）,stable angina pectoris（SAP） group（40 cases） and acute myocardial infarction（AMI） group （116 cases）. Totally,102 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group. Serum apo E and Lp（a）levels were determined. CHD patients were classified into New York Heart Association （NYHA）Ⅰ-Ⅳ according to NYHA cardiac functional classification. CHD risk factor assessment was performed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The levels of Lp（a） in UAP,SAP and AMI groups were higher than those in healthy control group （P<0.05）,and the level of apo E in UAP group was higher than that in healthy control group（P<0.05）. The levels of Lp（a） and apo E were increased along with the increasing of CHD severity according to NYHA cardiac functional classification. However,the levels of apo E had no statistical significance between NYHA Ⅰ and NYHA Ⅱ （P>0.05）,and the levels of Lp（a）showed no statistical significance between NYHA Ⅲ and NYHA Ⅳ （P>0.05）. There was statistical significance for Lp（a） and apo E among other NYHA classification （P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that apo E and Lp （a） were independent risk factors for CHD [for apo E,odds ratio （OR）= 10.780,95% confidence interval （CI） 1.437-80.830;for Lp （a）,OR=4.930,95% CI 1.699-14.280]. Conclusions Lipid metabolic disorders are commonly seen in CHD patients with the decline of cardiac function. The parameters of apo E and Lp （a） may play roles in the pathogenesis of CHD.

Establishment on the reference intervals of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ in apparently healthy adults

FENG Ruijie, HU Xiaochen, ZHAO Lifang, ZHANG Haichen, SONG Yunxiao

2017, 32(6):  495-499.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.011

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Objective To establish the reference intervals of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ （Lp-PLA₂）in apparently healthy adults. Methods The activities of serum Lp-PLA₂ in 800 apparently healthy adults （400 males and 400 females） were determined,and the 95% reference intervals [the 2.5th percentile （P_2.5）-the 97.5th percentile （P_97.5）,90% confidence interval] were determined,according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI）C28-A3. Results Serum Lp-PLA₂ activities showed a normal distribution in apparently healthy adults. The reference intervals of serum Lp-PLA₂ activities were（479±126） U/L in males and （433±118） U/L in females with statistical significance（t=5.311,P<0.01）. Serum Lp-PLA₂ activities were stable in males,while those in females increased with age,and there was statistical significance for age （F=2.017,P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance for serum Lp-PLA₂ activities in females between <50 years old and ≥50 years old （P>0.05）,and thus females could be classified into 18-49 years old group and 50-89 years old group. Therefore,the reference intervals of serum Lp-PLA₂activities in apparently healthy adults were 219-694 U/L for males,204-651 U/L for 18-49 years old females and 217-686 U/L for 50-89 years old females. Conclusions The reference intervals of serum Lp-PLA₂ activities in apparently healthy adults have been established initially,which provide a reference for the clinical application of serum Lp-PLA₂ as an indicator for the assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Relationship between serum free fatty acid and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus metabolic disorder

TANG Jibin, GUAN Jingyi, ZHANG Sheng, LI Xuguang, ZHANG Wen, ZHOU Jiali

2017, 32(6):  500-503.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.012

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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum free fatty acid （FFA）and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （NIDDM） metabolic disorder. Methods A total of 625 patients with NIDDM and 283 healthy subjects were enrolled,and serum FFA,total cholesterol （TC）,triglyceride （TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）,apolipoprotein （apo） A1,apo B100,lipoprotein [Lp（a）],homocysteine （Hcy）,glucose（Glu）,glycated hemoglobin A_1c（HbA_1c）,uric acid（UA）,creatinine（Cr）,urea,cystatin C（Cys C）and alanine aminotransferase（ALT） were determined. NIDDM patients were classified into new-diagnosed NIDDM group（47 cases）,stable group（545 cases） and unstable group （33 cases）. Results There was statistical significance for these parameters between newly-diagnosed NIDDM and healthy control groups （P<0.05）. There was statistical significance for FFA,Lp（a）,apo A1,apo B100,LDL-C,HDL-C,Glu,ALT,HbA_1c and UA between unstable and healthy control groups （P<0.01）. There was statistical significance for HDL-C,apo A1,LDL-C,apo B100,FFA,Lp（a）,Glu,ALT,HbA_1c and UA between stable and healthy control groups（P<0.05）,and there was no statistical significance for other parameters compared with healthy control group （P>0.05）. Conclusions The levels of FFA and blood lipid in NIDDM patients have a correlation with metabolic disorder.

Determination of CD64 index by flow cytometry in the diagnosis of bacterial infection

YAN Peiyi, ZHANG Ji, ZOU Yuhan, JIN Shu

2017, 32(6):  514-519.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.016

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Objective To establish a determination of CD64 index by flow cytometry （FCM）,and to evaluate its value in the diagnosis of bacterial infection. Methods Polymorphonuclear（PMN）CD64 mean fluorescence intensities （MFI） in 42 healthy controls,41 patients with bacterial infection and 50 patients with non-bacterial infection were determined by FCM,and CD64 indices were calculated. The level of C-reactive protein （CRP）,white blood cell （WBC） count and the percentage of neutrophils（Neu%） were analyzed simultaneously. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the value of CD64 index in the diagnosis of bacterial infection. Results CD64 index in bacterial infection group [3.69（2.69-5.25）] was higher than those in healthy control group [0.79（0.40-1.31）,P<0.01] and non-bacterial infection group [0.52（0.40-0.93）,P<0.01]. According to ROC curves,the areas under the curves in turn were CD64 index （0.964）>CRP level（0.931）> Neu% （0.815）>WBC count（0.678）,and the optimal cut-off value of CD64 index was 1.84. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 87.8% and 95.7%. Conclusions Compared with traditional parameters,CD64 index by FCM with high sensitivity and specificity could be used in the diagnosis of bacterial infection.

Solutions for decreasing the number of smudge cells in peripheral blood smears

PENG Zhenping, WANG Jianbiao, GUO Ping, SUN Fenyong

2017, 32(6):  520-523.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.017

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Objective To investigate the solutions for decreasing the number of smudge cells in peripheral blood smears. Methods Samples was collected in ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-K₂ anticoagulation tubes from 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia（CLL）. Blood smears were automatically prepared with each angle and speed by hematology analyzer and automated slide maker and stainer. Smudge cells were counted by DM96 automated blood cell morphometry analyzer. After treatment with different ratios of fetal bovine serum,the results were compared. Results It is better to decrease the number of smudge cells with the speed of 140 m/s at 27 degrees. When the ratio of fetal bovine serum to peripheral blood was 1∶4,the number of smudge cells was decreased. Conclusions When a large number of smudge cells are appearing in peripheral blood smears,it should not only use an appropriate angle and speed,but also add fetal bovine serum to decrease the number of smudge cells,so as to provide an accurate classification and counting results for clinical practice.

Establishment and performance evaluation of liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry for determining serum cortisone

ZHU Yuqing, ZHU Lingfeng, ZHAO Xiaojun, XU Chong, SHAO Weijie, CAO Danru, LU Yinhua

2017, 32(6):  524-530.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.018

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Objective To establish isotope-dilution liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry（ID-LC-MS/MS） for determining serum cortisone,and to evaluate its performance. Methods ABSCIEX TRIPLE QUAD 5500 liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used to determine serum cortisone quantitatively. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI） document,the performance,including linearity,precision,extraction and recycling rates and accuracy,was verified. Results Cortisone-d4 was added to analytes, and they were equilibrated at room temperature for 1 h. ID-LC-MS/MS for determining serum cortisone had linear regression equation Y=0.018 7X+0.043 4 （r=0.999 8）. The linear range was 25-500 ng/mL. The determination limit was 0.05 ng/mL for serum cortisone. The within-run and between-run coefficients of variation（CV） were <4% and <6%. The extraction and recycling rates were 84.5%-90.4%. The biases of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine External Quality Assessment Scheme for Reference Laboratories in Laboratory Medicine（RELA）-A and RELA-B were 3.19% and 2.84%. Conclusions The established ID-LC-MS/MS has good precision,accuracy and repeatability,which is suitable for determining serum cortisone.

Establishment and evaluation on the microscopy rule for nucleated red blood cell by SYSMEX XN-9000 automatic hematology analyzer

GU Meixiu, MENG Zhimin, TANG Wenjia, LUO Lei, WANG Chong, GUO Wei, PAN Baishen, WANG Beili

2017, 32(6):  531-534.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.019

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Objective To investigate the microscopy rule for nucleated red blood cell （NRBC） by SYSMEX XN-9000 automatic hematology analyzer,and to evaluate the correction formula for white blood cell （WBC） count and NRBC. Methods Samples were determined by SYSMEX XN-9000. The results must be >0 NRBC/100 WBC. Totally,716 samples were collected. Every sample was observed by microscopy after Wright-Giemsa staining. The accuracy of SYSMEX XN-9000 was evaluated,and the results were compared with those of microscopy （gold standard）. The correction formula was investigated. Results The correlation coefficient （r²）between SYSMEX XN-9000 and microscopy was 0.981. Bland-Altman plot showed a good consistency between the 2 methods. The 95% agreement limit of difference between the 2 methods was（-0.59±2.73） NRBC/100 WBC,and 23 samples （3.21%） was beyond the 95% agreement limit of difference. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC）curves were used to identify the optimal smear threshold value. The sensitivity was 87.3%,and the specificity was 76.5% at ≥1.1 NRBC/100 WBC,while the area under ROC curve was 0.88. However,the false negative rate was 23.5%,which was against the criterion of ISO 15189 （≤5%）. At ≥0.3 NRBC/100 WBC,the false positive rate was 49.6%,and the false negative rate was 2.3%. If WBC count error between SYSMEX XN-9000 and microscopy was >5% [1/3 allowable total error （TEa）],the results of SYSMEX XN-9000 should be recalculated according to those of microscopy. The correction formula was WBC=（100×WBC_{SYSMEX XN-9000}+NRBC_{SYSMEX XN-9000}×WBC_{SYSMEX XN-9000}）/（100+NRBC_microscopy）. Conclusions SYSMEX XN-9000 could determine NRBC in peripheral blood rapidly,accurately and effectively. WBC count should be recalculated,when there is difference between SYSMEX XN-9000 and microscopy.

Advantages of HLA genotypes in EBV reactivation

XU Jian, WU Rong, XIANG Fenfen, ZHAN Yueping, NI Zhenhua, HAO Wenbin, YUE Honghong, KANG Xiangdong

2017, 32(6):  535-539.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.020

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Objective To analyze Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） protein epitope polypeptide sequence and its human leukocyte antigen （HLA）genotypes with high frequency in Chinese. Methods A total of 23 polypeptides of EBV protein epitope were designed by NetMHC software. According to HLA phenotypes,HLA-A*2402,HLA-A*1101 and HLA-B*4001,polypeptides were classified into 3 groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） collected from 160 healthy subjects were stimulated with 3 groups of polypeptides. Interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） levels were determined by IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. CD8,interleukin 17 （IL-17）,CD40L,tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）,CD45RA and Foxp3 expression levels were determined by flow cytometry. Results In 160 peripheral blood samples,61 cases were positive,of which 24 cases with HLA-A*2402 positive（15%）,34 cases were HLA-A*1101 positive（21%）,31 cases were HLA-B*4001 positive （19%）. The expression levels of CD8,IL-17,CD40L and TNF-α in peripheral blood in positive reaction group were higher than those in negative reaction group （P<0.05）,but the expression levels of CD45RA and Foxp3 had no statistical significance（P>0.05）. Conclusions In Chinese,HLA-A*1101 genotype is dominant in EBV protein epitope polypeptide sequence.

Research progress on the new types of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases

ZHOU Xinyun, CHEN Hui, SHEN Lisong

2017, 32(6):  543-548.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.021

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For autoimmune diseases （AID）,the tolerance of immune system to self component is broken. Autoantibodies are important for diagnosing AID. Each AID has its unique autoantibody spectrum. The research on autoantibodies has gained a profound development in recent years. This review will focus on the latest development on the new types of autoantibodies for AID.

Research progress on the new types of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases

ZHOU Xinyun, CHEN Hui, SHEN Lisong

2017, 32(6):  543-548.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.021

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For autoimmune diseases （AID）,the tolerance of immune system to self component is broken. Autoantibodies are important for diagnosing AID. Each AID has its unique autoantibody spectrum. The research on autoantibodies has gained a profound development in recent years. This review will focus on the latest development on the new types of autoantibodies for AID.

Orginal Article

Research progress on the relationship between drug resistance and controlling biofilm formation by sRNA

MO Qianqian, MO Jiaguang

2017, 32(6):  549-552.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2017.06.023

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Small non-coding RNA （sRNA） is a gene expression regulatory factor that is discovered nearly. It is in non-encoding region of bacterial genome,which regulates the expression of target genes in the post-transcriptional level．It affects the physiological functions of cells,such as individual development,the activation of translation,inhibition of translation,bacterial toxicity and so on．In recent years,lots of studies confirm that sRNA has relations with the drug resistance of bacteria and the formation of bacterial biofilm．This review will give a brief overview about sRNA for the formation of bacterial biofilm and its effects on bacteria．