Laboratory Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 15-19.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2025.01.003

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Prognostic value of circulating plasma cells determined by morphology in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

ZHANG Lan, ZHU Jianfeng, PAN Baishen, CHEN Pu(), WANG Beili, GUO Wei   

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
  • Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-10-25 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-02-17

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM),to investigate the influence of circulating plasma cells (cPC) on the prognosis of these patients,and to provide a reference for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data and laboratory parameters of 184 newly diagnosed MM patients from January 2016 to July 2020 in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively. Peripheral blood smears of 184 newly diagnosed MM patients were reviewed by conventional morphology,the patients with cPC≥0.5% were enrolled in cPC positive group,and the patients with cPC=0% were enrolled in cPC negative group. The clinical data and laboratory parameters of the 2 groups were compared. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS)of the 2 groups were compared. Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of cPC on the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients. Results Among the 184 newly diagnosed MM patients,27(14.7%) cases were in cPC positive group,and 157(85.3%) cases were in cPC negative group. There was statistical significance in the age,hemoglobin,platelet count,albumin,lactic dehydrogenase,β2-microglobulin,creatinine,percentage of bone marrow plasma cells,high-risk cytogenetic abnormality and the International Staging System(ISS)stage Ⅲ(P<0.05). The median OS of cPC negative group and cPC positive group were not arrived and 58.7 months,and the median PFS of the 2 groups were not arrived and 47.2 months. The cPC positive group had a shorter OS and PFS than those of cPC negative group(P<0.001). Cox regression analysis showed cPC≥0.5% was an independent poor prognostic factor for shorten OS[hazard ratio(HR)=13.439,95% confidence interval(CI) 3.051-59.203,P=0.001] and PFS(HR=2.320,95%CI 1.252-4.296,P=0.007) in newly diagnosed MM patients. Conclusions Among the newly diagnosed MM patients,cPC determined by conventional morphology is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive biological characteristics(such as high tumor burden,high incidence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormality,poor clinical stage and so on),and cPC≥0.5% is an adverse independent predictor of shorten OS and PFS.

Key words: Circulating plasma cell, Multiple myeloma, Morphology, Prognosis

CLC Number: