Abstract:

Pediatric autoimmune diseases pose challenges in clinical practice due to the complex immune mechanisms，heterogeneous clinical manifestations and distinct differences from adult populations. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostic technologies and immune regulatory mechanisms have improved antibody determination strategies，dynamic analysis of peripheral blood immune indicators and targeted therapies. However，the lack of pediatric-specific data，adult-oriented diagnostic criteria and translational research barriers remain critical limitations. This review synthesizes recent studies from a special issue，high-lighting breakthroughs in laboratory diagnosis，mechanistic insights into immune dysregulation and emerging therapeutic approaches. Future directions emphasize the establishment of pediatric-specific diagnostic frameworks，integration of multi-omics technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration to transition from empirical treatment to precision medicine，ultimately enhancing long-term outcomes for pediatric patients.

Key words: Pediatric autoimmune disease, Laboratory diagnosis, Immune regulatory mechanism, Precision medicine, Therapeutic strategy