Abstract: Objective　To detect the concentration of serum remnant lipoprotein cholesterol（RLP-C）in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis（CAPD）and maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）patients，and investigate its clinical significance. Methods　Immunomagnetic separation method was used to measure the serum RLP-C concentrations in 30 healthy subjects and 29 patients with CAPD，28 patients with MHD before dialysis，dialysis for 1 month，6 months and 12 months.The levels of triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC），high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（LDL-C）were determined.The levels of lipoprotein（a）[Lp（a）]，apolipoprotein A1（apo A1）and apolipoprotein B（apo B）were determined，and the very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（VLDL-C）was calculated according to the formula: VLDL-C=TC－（HDL-C+LDL-C）.The correlation of RLP-C concentration with hemodialysis for 12 months and other lipid indices was analyzed.  Results　The serum concentrations of RLP-C in CAPD patients before dialysis，dialysis for 1 month，6 months and 12 months were0.26±0.12，0.33±0.14，0.41±0.15 and （0.49 ±0.14）mmol/L，and the serum concentrations of RLP-C in MHD patients were 0.22±0.15，0.31±0.14，0.40±0.16 and（0.49±0.17）mmol/L，which were significantly higher than those in controls [（0.19±0.12）mmol/L]（P<0.05）.The concentration of RLP-C with TG and VLDL-C had positive correlation for dialysis 12 months（r=0.72 and 0.64，P<0.01），and the concentration with TC，LDL-C，HDL-C，apo A1，apo B and Lp（a）had no significant correlation（r=0.14，0.20，－0.20，－0.21，0.21 and 0.18，P>0.05）. Conclusions　RLP-C can be used as a dialysis reference indicator for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.

Key words: Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, Peritoneal dialysis, Hemodialysis