Abstract:

Objective To analyze the determination of Mycobacterium infection in human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS）patients. Methods Totally，1 379 Mycobacterium acid-fast staining specimens，1 975 Mycobacterium culture specimens，1 406 Mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB）-polymerase chain reaction（PCR） specimens and 522 interferon-gamma release assay（IGRA） specimens were collected from HIV/AIDS patients from January 2018 to December 2021 Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University. The results of these specimens by the 4 methods were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Results The positive rates of acid-fast staining，culture，MTB-PCR and IGRA were 3.41%，5.47%，5.83% and 11.49%，respectively. The positive rates of acid-fast staining and culture were improved，when they were determined with MTB-PCR or IGRA. The positive rate was high when the 4 methods were used simultaneously，and it was easy to distinguish MTB from non-tuberculous Mycobacterium（NTM）. MTB-PCR and IGRA were the specific methods for the identification of MTB，and their identification results were consistent. Conclusions In HIV/AIDS patients with Mycobacterium infection，the positive rates of acid-fast staining and culture are low. MTB-PCR and IGRA can distinguish MTB from NTM. When HIV/AIDS patients are suspected with Mycobacterium infection，it is recommended to combine multiple determination methods.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, Mycobacterium, Acid-fast staining, Culture, Polymerase chain reaction, Interferon-gamma release assay