Laboratory Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 590-596.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2026.06.011

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Molecular characteristics,virulence genes and drug resistance changes of clinical isolates of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae of a Grade 2 general hospital in Shanghai from 2018 to 2024

CAI Xiaoyao1, CHENG Yang1, JIN Shu2, FENG Yiming1, HU Yiwen1, ZHANG Li1, ZHU Qing1, ZHANG Ji1, YAN Peiyi1()   

  1. 1 Department of Clinical LaboratoryPutuo District People's Hospital of ShanghaiShanghai 200060, China
    2 Central LaboratoryPutuo People's Hospital,Tongji UniversityShanghai 200060, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2026-02-03 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-07-01

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics,virulence genes and drug resistance of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae(hmKp) isolated clinically before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Putuo District People's Hospital of Shanghai,and to provide a reference for dealing with hmKp in clinical practice. Methods The clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from January 2018 to December 2020(before the pandemic) and from January 2023 to December 2024(after the pandemic) were collected. Positive isolates of hmKp were screened out through latex agglutination test. The capsular serotypes(K1,K2,K5,K20,K54 and K57) and virulence genes(rmpArmpA2,iroNmagAiucAkfu and allS) of hmKp were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Multilocus sequence typing(MLST) was performed on the hmKp isolates,and their drug resistance was evaluated through in vitro drug susceptibility test. The capsular serotypes,virulence genes and drug resistance before and after the pandemic were compared. Results Totally,64 isolates of hmKp were determined. The determination rate of hmKp was 14.16% before the pandemic,and it was 11.68% after the pandemic. The isolates mainly were collected from respiratory tract samples. The distribution of capsular serotypes showed significant changes before and after the pandemic,with the dominant serotype shifting from K20 to K2,and the K57 serotype decreased from 25.0% to 0. The ST type diversity of hmKp had increased,with the K2 type mainly being ST86,and new subtypes such as ST25 had emerged. After the pandemic,the recombination of virulence genes was significant:iroN increased from 0 to 100% in K1,K2 and K20 types,rmpA2 reached 100% in K1 type,and iucA was completely lost in K1 and K2 types. The overall drug resistance rate decreased,with a significant reduction in cefotaxime(from 18.75% to 9.38%) and levofloxacin(from 18.75% to 6.25%),and the carbapenems maintained a low drug resistance rate(6.25% for imipenem). Conclusions It suggests that hmKp may exhibit characteristics of serotype substitution(rise of K2 type) and recombination of virulence genes(universalization of iroN) after the pandemic. Although the K2 type is not a traditional highly virulent serotype,it carries the rmpA+rmpA2+iroN complex virulence genes,and its clinical risk should be vigilant. It is recommended to assess the virulence potential of the isolates using multiple indicators rather than a single serotype.

Key words: Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae, Multilocus sequence typing, Capsular serotype, Virulence gene, Shanghai

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