Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the changes of serum interleukin（IL），tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α） and gamma-interferon（IFN-γ） in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura（ITP） patients before and after treatment. Methods　The concentrations of serum IL-2，4，6，10，TNF-α and IFN-γ were respectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） in 53 ITP patients before and after treatment and 50 healthy controls. The results were analyzed. Results　The serum IL-2，IL-6，TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in 53 ITP patients before the treatment were significantly higher than those after the treatment and in the control group.（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）. However，the serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels before the treatment were significantly lower than those after the treatment and in the control group（P＜0.01）. The serum IL-6 levels in 53 ITP patients after the treatment were higher than those in the control group，and the other parameters in 53 ITP patients after the treatment showed no significant difference with those in the control group（P＞0.05）. Conclusions　ITP is characterized by the abnormal presence of multiple cytokines，as an autoimmune disease.The concentration of multiple cytokines can return to be normal after effective treatment.The serum concentrations of IL，TNF-α and IFN-γ in ITP patients should be regularly observed，in order to determine changes in their condition，treatment efficiency and prognosis.