Abstract: Objective To develop a rapid method for the detection ofbacteriuria. Methods 10 μl of urine sample was smeared on the slide, examined by microscopy after Gram stain; 10 ul of urine sample was examined by cul-ture. Results 100 samples showed positive in both microscopic examination (≥2 bacteria per oil immersion field) and cultures (colony counts of ≥105 CFU/ml); 1047 samples both negative; six samples microscopic examination positive and cultures negative; two samples microscopic examination negative and cultures positive. So the resolved sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examination are 98.0%and 99.4%respectively; Positive predictive value and negative predictive value are 94.3%and 99.8%respectively. Conclusion The method for detecting significant bacteriuria by microscopic examination with 10 μl sample is rapid, effective and simple.